Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 Notes Social Science History Chapter 3 SST Pdf free download is part of Class 9 Social Science Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given Nazism and the Rise of Hitler Class 9 History Chapter 3 Notes.

Birth of the Weimar Republic

• After initial gains in the First World War, Germany faced defeat.
• A democratic constitution with a federal structure was established in the National Assembly of Weimar.
• Germans were of the view that the new Weimar Republic was the cause they lost the war and their disgrace at Versailles.

The Effects of the War

• Europe turned from into debtors.
• Socialist, Catholics and Democrats in favour of the Republic were called ‘November criminals’.
• Aggressive war propaganda and national honour were given limelight.

Political Radicalism and Economic Crises

• Communists and Socialists became enemies and could not make common cause against Hitler.
• Economic crisis of 1923 increased political radicalisation.
• The Dawes Plan of America lightened the financial burden on Germans after terms of the reparation were reworked.

The Years of Depression

• On October 24, 13 million shares were sold which marked the beginning of the Great Economic Depression.
• The effects of this recession in the US was felt all over the world.
• Weimar Republic was politically fragile, unstable and vulnerable to dictatorship.

Hitler’s Rise to Power

• Hitler was horrified when Germany lost the war and was infuriated by the Versailles Treaty.
• He joined the German Workers’ Party in 1919 and later took over the organization and renamed it the as the Nazi Party.

The Destruction of Democracy

• With the support of the conservatives Hitler became powerful enough to dismantle structures of democratic rule.
• The Fire Decree of 28^th February 1933 suspended rights of freedom, press and assembly.
• The Enabling Act of 3^rd March 1933, established dictatorship in Germany, giving Hitler powers to rule by decree and overthrow the Parliament.

Reconstruction

• Tripartite Pact was signed between Germany, Italy and Japan in 1940 thus increasing Hitler’s claim to international power.
• With maximum power by the end of 1940, Hitler proceeded to conquer Eastern Europe.
• The German western front was exposed to British aerial bombing and the eastern front was exposed to Soviet armies, leading to its defeat at Stalingrad by the Soviet Red Army.
• Japan supported Hitler and bombed the US base at Pearl Harbour.
• Hitler lost the war and the US dropped two atom bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki thus ending the war in May 1945.

The Nazi Worldview

• According to the Nazi ideology racial hierarchy existed between people.
• Another aspect of Hitler’s ideology was related to the concept of Lebensraum.

Establishment of the Racial State

• The Nazi officials condemned to death many Germans who were considered mentally or physically unfit.
• Gypsies and blacks, Russian ad Poles and the Jews living in Nazi Germany were widely persecuted.

Youth in Nazi Germany

• Hitler strongly believed that a strong Nazi society could be established by teaching children the Nazi ideology.
• Girls were told that they had to be bearers of the Aryan race and culture and had to become good mothers and rear pure-blooded Aryan children.
• Nazis spread their ideas through visual images, films, radio, posters, catchy slogans and leaflets

Ordinary People and the Crimes against Humanity

• The absence of protest, silence against brutal and organised crimes was observed.

Knowledge about the Holocaust

• After Germany was defeated, the Jews wanted the world to be aware and remember the atrocities and suffering they were subjected to during the Nazi killing operations, known as Holocaust.
• The history and memory of the Holocaust exists in memoirs, fiction, documentaries, poetry, memorials and museums in many parts of the world today