Class 10 Social Science Chapter 6 Resources and Development (Geography) Practice Paper 1

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 01 - Resources and Development Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. Which of the following is NOT a classification of resources?
(a) On the basis of origin
(b) On the basis of exhaustibility
(c) On the basis of quality
(d) On the basis of ownership

Q2. The Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit was held in which year?
(a) 1968
(b) 1987
(c) 1992
(d) 2002

Q3. What percentage of India's geographical area is plain?
(a) 27%
(b) 30%
(c) 43%
(d) 54%

Q4. Which soil is also known as 'regur soil'?
(a) Alluvial soil
(b) Black soil
(c) Red soil
(d) Laterite soil

Q5. The word 'laterite' is derived from a Latin word meaning:
(a) Stone
(b) Brick
(c) Clay
(d) Sand

Q6. Which states are rich in minerals and coal deposits?
(a) Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh
(b) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh
(c) Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka
(d) Gujarat, Rajasthan, Maharashtra

Q7. Old alluvial soil is known as:
(a) Khadar
(b) Bangar
(c) Bhangar
(d) Both
(b) and
(c)

Q8. Which method of soil conservation involves planting lines of trees?
(a) Contour ploughing
(b) Strip cropping
(c) Shelter belts
(d) Terrace farming

Q9. What does 'Agenda 21' aim to achieve?
(a) Population control
(b) Global sustainable development
(c) Deforestation
(d) Industrialization

Q10. The Deccan Trap region is made up of:
(a) Granite
(b) Basalt
(c) Sandstone
(d) Limestone

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. Explain the interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions in resource development.

Q12. Distinguish between Khadar and Bangar soils.

Q13. What is meant by 'sustainable development'? Why is it important?

Q14. Explain any two measures to control soil erosion in hilly areas.

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. "Resources are not free gifts of nature." Justify this statement with three points.

Q16. Describe the main characteristics of black soil. Name three states where it is predominantly found.

Q17. What are the three main problems that have arisen due to indiscriminate use of resources? Explain briefly.

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Explain the process of resource planning in India. Discuss the three steps involved in resource planning and the importance of balanced resource planning at different levels.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow: "India has land under a variety of relief features, namely; mountains, plateaus, plains and islands. About 43 per cent of the land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry. Mountains account for 30 per cent of the total surface area of the country and ensure perennial flow of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. About 27 per cent of the area of the country is the plateau region. It possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and forests." (i) What percentage of India's land area consists of plains? (1) (ii) Name two benefits provided by mountainous regions. (1) (iii) Why are plateau regions important for India's economy? (2)

Q20. Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow: "Mahatma Gandhi was very apt in voicing his concern about resource conservation in these words: 'There is enough for everybody's need and not for any body's greed.' He placed the greedy and selfish individuals and exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. He was against mass production and wanted to replace it with the production by the masses." (i) What was Gandhiji's famous quote about resources? (1) (ii) What did Gandhiji identify as the root cause of resource depletion? (1) (iii) What was Gandhiji's vision regarding production? Explain. (2) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 01

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Q1.
(c) On the basis of quality Resources are classified on the basis of:
(a) origin (biotic and abiotic),
(b) exhaustibility (renewable and non- renewable),
(c) ownership (individual, community, national and international), and
(d) status of development (potential, developed stock and reserves). Quality is not a classification criterion.

Q2.
(c) 1992 The Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit was held in June 1992. More than 100 heads of states met to address urgent problems of environmental protection and socio-economic development at the global level.

Q3.
(c) 43% About 43 per cent of India's land area is plain, which provides facilities for agriculture and industry.

Q4.
(b) Black soil Black soil is also known as regur soil. It is ideal for growing cotton and is also called black cotton soil.

Q5.
(b) Brick Laterite has been derived from the Latin word 'later' which means brick.

Q6.
(b) Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh The states of Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals and coal deposits.

Q7.
(d) Both
(b) and
(c) Old alluvial soil is known as Bangar or Bhangar. It has higher concentration of kanker nodules than the Khadar (new alluvial soil).

Q8.
(c) Shelter belts Planting lines of trees to create shelter is called shelter belts. These rows of trees break up the force of the wind and contribute significantly to stabilizing sand dunes.

Q9.
(b) Global sustainable development Agenda 21 aims at achieving global sustainable development. It is an agenda to combat environmental damage, poverty, and disease through global co-operation.

Q10.
(b) Basalt The Deccan Trap region is made up of basalt rock and is formed by lava flows. This region is typical for black soil formation.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q11. Interdependent relationship between nature, technology and institutions The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interactive relationship between nature, technology and institutions: • Nature: Provides the raw materials and resources • Technology: Human beings interact with nature through technology to extract and utilize resources • Institutions: Humans create institutions (laws, organizations, systems) to accelerate their economic development and manage resources All three components work together in resource development - nature provides materials, technology enables their extraction and use, and institutions regulate and organize this process.

Q12. Difference between Khadar and Bangar soils Khadar (New Alluvial): • Found in the lower areas of the valley • Has more fine particles • More fertile than Bangar • Renewed almost every year by floods Bangar (Old Alluvial): • Found in the higher reaches • Contains more kanker nodules (calcium carbonate deposits) • Less fertile than Khadar • Older deposits above flood plains

Q13. Sustainable development and its importance Definition: Sustainable economic development means 'development should take place without damaging the environment, and development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future generations.' Importance: • Ensures resources are available for future generations • Prevents environmental degradation • Maintains ecological balance • Promotes equitable distribution of resources • Essential for long-term survival and quality of life

Q14. Measures to control soil erosion in hilly areas

1. Terrace Cultivation: Steps can be cut out on the slopes making terraces. This restricts erosion by reducing the speed of water flow. The Western and Central Himalayas have well-developed terrace farming.

2. Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines (rather than up and down the slope) can decelerate the flow of water down the slopes. This prevents the formation of channels through which water can quickly flow and cause erosion.

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q15. "Resources are not free gifts of nature" - Justification This statement is justified because:

1. Resources are a function of human activities: Materials available in nature become resources only when humans identify their utility and have the means to use them. Without human intervention and knowledge, they remain mere substances.

2. Human beings are essential components: Humans themselves are essential in transforming materials into resources. They use their knowledge, technology and skills to convert natural materials into usable resources.

3. Technology and accessibility required: For anything to become a resource, it must be technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable. This requires human effort, innovation and investment - not just natural availability.

Q16. Characteristics of black soil and states Characteristics of Black Soil:

1. Composition and texture: Made up of extremely fine clayey material. Black in color due to presence of titaniferous magnetite, iron and aluminum compounds.

2. Moisture retention: Well-known for their capacity to hold moisture. They develop deep cracks during hot weather, which helps in proper aeration of the soil.

3. Nutrient content: Rich in soil nutrients such as calcium carbonate, magnesium, potash and lime. Generally poor in phosphoric contents.

4. Working difficulty: Sticky when wet and difficult to work on unless tilled immediately after the first shower or during the pre-monsoon period. States: Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu (along Godavari and Krishna valleys)

Q17. Problems arising from indiscriminate use of resources Three major problems that have arisen due to indiscriminate use of resources:

1. Depletion of resources: Resources have been depleted for satisfying the greed of a few individuals. Excessive extraction and consumption have reduced the availability of resources for future generations.

2. Unequal distribution: Accumulation of resources in few hands has divided society into two segments - haves and have-nots, or rich and poor. This has created social and economic inequalities.

3. Global ecological crises: Indiscriminate exploitation of resources has led to serious environmental problems such as global warming, ozone layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation. These threaten the survival of all life forms on Earth.

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Q18. Resource planning in India - Process and importance Introduction: Resource planning is the widely accepted strategy for judicious use of resources. It is particularly important in a country like India, which has enormous diversity in the availability of resources. Three steps involved in resource planning: Step 1 - Identification and inventory of resources: This involves surveying, mapping and qualitative and quantitative estimation and measurement of resources across the regions of the country. It helps in knowing what resources are available, where they are located, and in what quantity.

Step 2 - Evolving a planning structure: Developing a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up for implementing resource development plans. This includes having the right people, technology and organizations to utilize resources effectively. Step 3 - Matching development plans: Matching the resource development plans with overall national development plans. This ensures that resource utilization contributes to broader goals of national development and economic growth.

Importance of balanced resource planning: • Regional diversity: India has regions that are rich in certain resources but deficient in others. For example, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh are rich in minerals but states like Arunachal Pradesh have water resources but lack infrastructure. • Avoiding regional imbalance: Some regions are resource-rich but economically backward, while others are resource-poor but economically developed. Balanced planning helps overcome such disparities. • Multi-level planning needed: Resource planning is essential at national, state, regional and local levels to ensure equitable development and optimal utilization of resources.

• Historical experience: India's colonial past showed how rich resources were exploited without proper planning. Therefore, systematic planning with appropriate technology and institutions is essential. Conclusion: India has made concerted efforts for achieving the goals of resource planning right from the First Five Year Plan launched after Independence. Balanced resource planning remains crucial for sustainable and equitable development.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Q19. Case Study on Land Relief Features (i) Percentage of plains: (1 mark) About 43 per cent of India's land area consists of plains. (ii) Benefits from mountainous regions: (1 mark) Two benefits provided by mountains are: • Ensure perennial flow of some rivers • Provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects (iii) Importance of plateau regions: (2 marks) Plateau regions are important for India's economy because: • They possess rich reserves of minerals which are essential for industrial development • They contain fossil fuels (coal, petroleum) which are major energy sources for the country • They have extensive forest cover which provides timber, medicinal plants and maintains ecological balance • These resources contribute significantly to India's industrial growth and economic development

Q20. Case Study on Gandhiji's Views on Resource Conservation (i) Gandhiji's famous quote: (1 mark) "There is enough for everybody's need and not for any body's greed." (ii) Root cause identified by Gandhiji: (1 mark) Gandhiji identified greedy and selfish individuals and the exploitative nature of modern technology as the root cause for resource depletion at the global level. (iii) Gandhiji's vision regarding production: (2 marks) Gandhiji was against mass production and wanted to replace it with production by the masses. This vision meant:

• He wanted decentralized production where many people produce goods in small quantities rather than large factories producing in bulk • This approach would ensure employment for more people and prevent concentration of resources and wealth in few hands • It would also prevent over-exploitation of resources and promote sustainable use • His philosophy emphasized meeting needs rather than fulfilling endless wants, promoting a more sustainable and equitable model of development