Class 10 Social Science Chapter 3 The Making of a Global

Q1. "Buddhism emerged from eastern India and spread in several directions." Read the reasons and choose the correct option: I. Cultural exchange II. Silk route III. Trade & travellers IV. European efforts [CBSE 2024] [1] (a) Only I, II and IV (b) Only II, III and IV (c) Only I, II and III (d) Only I, III and IV

Ans: (c) Only I, II and III. Buddhism spread through cultural exchange, the Silk Route, and trade/travellers. Europeans had no role in spreading Buddhism.

Q2. There were three important flows in international economic exchange. Identify the incorrect one: [CBSE 2023] [1] (a) Flow of trade (b) Flow of labour (c) Flow of capital (d) Flow of technology

Ans: (d) Flow of technology. The three flows that shaped the pre-modern world economy were trade, labour, and capital.

Q3. What was the main reason for decline of cotton textile exports from India to Britain in early 19th century? [CBSE 2021] [1] (a) Imposition of tariff on cotton imports into Britain (b) Poor quality of cotton textile (c) Shortage of raw cotton in India (d) Cotton producers found other buyers

Ans: (a) Imposition of tariff on cotton imports into Britain. Britain imposed heavy duties on Indian textiles to protect its own machine-made goods.

Q4. Which of the following was NOT an Axis Power during World War II? [CBSE 2022] [1] (a) Japan (b) Italy (c) Nazi Germany (d) Britain

Ans: (d) Britain. Britain was an Allied Power. The Axis Powers were Germany, Italy, and Japan.

Q5. Rinderpest badly affected the livelihood and local economy of which continent? [CBSE 2020] [1] (a) Asia (b) Europe (c) Africa (d) South America

Ans: (c) Africa. Rinderpest (cattle plague) arrived in Africa in 1890s and killed almost 90% of cattle, devastating African livelihoods.

Q6. Who adopted the concept of assembly line to produce automobiles? [CBSE 2022] [1] (a) Henry Ford (b) Karl Benz (c) V.S. Naipaul (d) Samuel Morse

Ans: (a) Henry Ford. He pioneered mass production using the assembly line method, producing the famous T-Model car.

Q7. Which statement correctly identifies the Corn Laws? [CBSE 2021] [1] (a) Restricted import of corn to England (b) Allowed free import of corn (c) Imposed tax on exported corn (d) Abolished the sale of corn

Ans: (a) Restricted import of corn to England. The Corn Laws were trade regulations that protected British farmers by restricting cheap grain imports.

Q8. The Bretton Woods institutions were created to: [CBSE 2020] [1] (a) Promote military alliances (b) Finance post-war reconstruction (c) Create a world government (d) Establish colonial empires

Ans: (b) Finance post-war reconstruction. The IMF and World Bank (Bretton Woods institutions) were set up in 1944 to preserve economic stability and rebuild post-war economies.

Q9. Most Indian indentured workers came from: [CBSE 2023] [1] (a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh (b) North-eastern states (c) Jammu and Kashmir (d) Western India

Ans: (a) Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Most indentured workers came from present-day eastern UP, Bihar, central India, and dry parts of Tamil Nadu.

Q10. What direct effect did the Great Depression have on Indian trade? [CBSE 2020] [1] (a) Peasants' indebtedness increased (b) Indian exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934 (c) Led to widespread rural unrest (d) Increased British investment in India

Ans: (b) Indian exports and imports nearly halved between 1928-1934. India's international trade collapsed during the Depression.

Q16. Explain the causes and consequences of the Great Depression of 1929. [CBSE 2023] [5] UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU | Amitesh Nagar, Indore (M.P.) | www.uniquestudyonline.com Page 2 UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU Class X | Social Science | History Ch.3

Ans: The Great Depression (1929-1935) was a devastating global economic crisis: • Agricultural Overproduction: After WWI, agricultural production expanded causing surplus. Prices crashed as supply exceeded demand, ruining farmers worldwide. • US Loan Withdrawal: Many countries depended on US loans. When US lenders panicked (1928), they stopped lending, causing bank failures and currency collapse in Europe. • Stock Market Crash: The US stock market crashed in 1929. Banks went bankrupt, factories shut down, unemployment soared. The US economy declined by half. • Global Impact: International trade declined, prices fell sharply. Unemployment reached record levels across the industrialised world. • Impact on India: Indian exports and imports halved. Agricultural prices fell sharply but colonial government refused to reduce revenue. Peasants sold gold and jewellery to survive.

Q17. How did Europeans help in the expansion of trade, knowledge and customs across countries during mid-sixteenth century? [CBSE 2024]

Ans: Europeans played a key role in global expansion during the 16th century: • New Wealth Sources: Nations engaged in mercantilism and colonialism, searching for new sources of gold, silver, and spices. • Discovery of Americas: Columbus's discovery of the Americas (1492) generated massive economic growth known as the Commercial Revolution. • Sea Routes: Europeans found sea routes to Asia and oceanic routes to the Americas. Silver from South American mines made European trade with Asia feasible. • New Trade Routes: Trade shifted from Mediterranean to Atlantic coast nations (Spain, Portugal, England, France), transforming global commerce. • Cultural Exchange: New crops (potato, maize, tomato, chilli) reached Europe from Americas. Ideas, technologies, and customs flowed between continents.

Q18. What were the main features of the Bretton Woods Agreement? How did it shape the post-war world economy? [CBSE 2020]

Ans: The Bretton Woods Conference (1944) created a new international economic framework: • IMF Established: The International Monetary Fund was set up to deal with external surpluses and deficits of member nations and maintain monetary stability. • World Bank: The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) was established to finance post-war reconstruction. • Fixed Exchange Rates: National currencies were pegged to the US dollar at fixed exchange rates. Dollar itself was linked to gold at $35 per ounce. • US Dominance: The US effectively dominated both institutions. The decision-making was weighted by the amount of money contributed, giving the US a dominant voice. • Post-War Boom: The system ushered in an era of unprecedented growth in trade and incomes for Western nations. However, developing countries had little say in policies.

Q19. Describe the impact of the Silk Routes on world trade and cultural exchange. [CBSE 2022]

Ans: The Silk Routes were vibrant corridors of pre-modern trade and culture: • Trade Hub: Historians identified several silk routes connecting Asia, Europe and North Africa. Chinese silk, Indian spices, and European gold flowed along these routes. • Food Exchange: Traders and travellers introduced new crops to new lands. Noodles from China may have become spaghetti in Italy. Potatoes and tomatoes reached Asia. • Religious Spread: Buddhism spread from India to East and Southeast Asia through these routes. Christian missionaries and Islamic scholars also used these trade networks. • Knowledge Transfer: Scientific knowledge, mathematical concepts, and medical practices were exchanged between Arab, Indian, and Chinese civilisations. • Cultural Fusion: These routes created cultural fusion - food, dress, music, and art forms were exchanged and transformed, creating new hybrid cultures across continents.

Q20. Explain the impact of the Second World War on the world economy. [CBSE 2021]

Ans: World War II (1939-1945) had far-reaching economic consequences: • Massive Destruction: Over 60 million people died. Vast parts of Europe and Asia were devastated. Economic activity came to a standstill in many countries. • Rise of USA: The US economy boomed during the war (manufacturing weapons, vehicles). It emerged as the dominant economic and military power. UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU | Amitesh Nagar, Indore (M.P.) | www.uniquestudyonline.com Page 3 UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU Class X | Social Science | History Ch.3 • Rise of USSR: The Soviet Union emerged as a superpower, leading to a bipolar world with two competing economic systems - capitalism and communism. • Decolonisation: European powers were financially devastated. They could no longer maintain colonies. India, and many Asian/African nations gained independence. • New Institutions: The UN, IMF, and World Bank were established. The Bretton Woods system created a framework for post-war economic cooperation.