Class 10 Social Science Chapter 20 Sectors of the Indian Economy (Economics) PYQ

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Book: Economics Type: PYQ (Board Exam) Board: CBSE Chapter 2 : Sectors of the Indian Economy

SECTION A : Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark Each)

Q1. Which of the following is a primary sector activity? [CBSE 2023] [1]
(a) Banking
(b) Mining
(c) Teaching
(d) Transport Ans:
(b) Mining. Primary sector activities involve extraction of natural resources - agriculture, mining, fishing, forestry, and dairy. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. Which sector has the highest share in GDP of India? [CBSE 2022] [1]
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) All equal Ans:
(c) Tertiary (Service) sector. It contributes the most to India's GDP, though the primary sector employs the most workers. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. MGNREGA guarantees employment for how many days in a year? [CBSE 2024] [1]
(a) 50 days
(b) 100 days
(c) 150 days
(d) 200 days Ans:
(b) 100 days. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act guarantees 100 days of wage employment per year to rural households. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q4. Disguised unemployment is mostly found in which sector? [CBSE 2021] [1]
(a) Service sector
(b) Industrial sector
(c) Agricultural sector
(d) IT sector Ans:
(c) Agricultural sector. More people are employed than actually needed. If some workers are removed, production would not decrease. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q5. Which of the following is an example of tertiary sector activity? [CBSE 2020] [1]
(a) Farming
(b) Manufacturing
(c) Banking
(d) Mining Ans:
(c) Banking. Tertiary sector provides services like banking, transport, communication, healthcare, education, and IT. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q6. What is GDP? [CBSE 2023] [1]
(a) Grand Domestic Price
(b) Gross Domestic Product
(c) General Development Plan
(d) None Ans:
(b) Gross Domestic Product. It is the total value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q7. Who measures the GDP in India? [CBSE 2022] [1]
(a) RBI
(b) Central Statistical Organisation
(c) NITI Aayog
(d) Finance Ministry Ans:
(b) Central Statistical Organisation (now NSO - National Statistical Office) measures India's GDP. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q8. Workers in the unorganised sector: [CBSE 2021] [1]
(a) Get regular salaries
(b) Have paid leave and provident fund
(c) Have no job security or benefits
(d) Work only 8 hours a day Ans:
(c) Have no job security or benefits. Unorganised sector workers have low wages, no paid leave, no provident fund, and can be dismissed anytime. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q9. The full form of MGNREGA is: [CBSE 2020] [1]
(a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act
(b) Maharashtra Government National Rural Employment Growth Act
(c) Ministry of Government National Rural Education Growth Act
(d) None of the above Ans:
(a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act. Enacted in 2005, it provides legal guarantee of 100 days work to rural households. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q10. Assertion
(a) : The share of primary sector in GDP has decreased over time. Reason (R): More people are moving from agriculture to service and manufacturing sectors. [CBSE 2024] [1]
(a) Both true and (R) correctly explains
(a)
(b) Both true but (R) does not explain
(a)
(c)
(a) is true but (R) is false
(d)
(a) is false Ans:
(b) Both true but (R) does not correctly explain
(a) . GDP share fell due to growth in tertiary sector, not just labour movement. Most workers are still in agriculture. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION B : Short Answer Questions (3 Marks Each)

Q11. Distinguish between organised and unorganised sectors. [CBSE 2023] [3] • Organised: Has formal rules, regular working hours, paid leave, provident fund, medical benefits, and job security. E.g., government offices, banks, large factories. • Unorganised: No fixed rules, low and irregular wages, no social security, and workers can be dismissed without notice. E.g., small workshops, domestic workers. • Key Difference: About 93% of Indian workers are in the unorganised sector. They need government protection through laws like MGNREGA and minimum wages.

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Q12. What is disguised unemployment? Explain with example. [CBSE 2022] [3] • Meaning: When more people are employed on a task than actually required. Removing some workers would not reduce production. • Example: If 5 members of a family work on a small farm that needs only 3, the remaining 2 are disguisedly unemployed - they appear employed but add nothing. • Prevalence: Common in Indian agriculture due to excess labour, small landholdings, and lack of alternative employment in rural areas. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q13. How has the tertiary sector become the most important in India? Give reasons. [CBSE 2024] [3] • Basic Services: Transport, storage, communication, banking, and trade are essential to support agriculture and industry, creating demand for services. • Rising Income: As income rises, people spend more on healthcare, education, tourism, and entertainment, boosting the service sector. • IT Revolution: India's IT and BPO industries have grown enormously, contributing significantly to GDP and exports, making services the dominant sector.

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Q14. Why is MGNREGA important for rural development? [CBSE 2021] [3] • Employment Guarantee: It legally guarantees 100 days of wage employment per year to every rural household willing to do unskilled manual work. • Wage Protection: If employment is not provided within 15 days, the government must pay unemployment allowance. This creates a safety net. • Asset Creation: Work done under MGNREGA creates productive assets like roads, ponds, wells, and canals that benefit the rural community long-term.

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Q15. How are economic activities classified into different sectors? Give examples of each. [CBSE 2020] [3] • Primary Sector: Activities directly using natural resources - agriculture, fishing, mining, forestry, dairy. Also called agriculture sector. • Secondary Sector: Manufacturing and processing of raw materials into finished goods - factories, construction, power generation. Also called industrial sector. • Tertiary Sector: Services that support primary and secondary sectors - banking, transport, insurance, communication, IT, education, healthcare.

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SECTION C : Long Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)

Q16. "Though the share of the primary sector in GDP has declined, a large proportion of workers continue to be employed in it." Explain this paradox. [CBSE 2024] [5] Ans: This is a major challenge in Indian economy: • GDP Share Declined: Primary sector's share has fallen from over 50% in 1950s to about 14% now. Service and manufacturing sectors have grown faster. • Employment Stuck: About 42% of India's workforce is still in agriculture. People have not moved out because alternative jobs are insufficient.

• Disguised Unemployment: Many workers in agriculture are disguisedly unemployed - they work on family farms but contribute little to output. • Low Productivity: Small landholdings, dependence on monsoons, and lack of modern technology keep agricultural productivity low. • Need for Shift: Government must create more non-farm employment through industrialisation, skill development, and schemes like MGNREGA. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q17. Suggest measures to protect workers in the unorganised sector. [CBSE 2023] [5] Ans: Workers in the unorganised sector need protection through: • Legal Protection: Government should enforce minimum wages, regulate working hours, and ensure safe working conditions in small enterprises. • Social Security: Provident fund, health insurance, and pension schemes must be extended to unorganised workers through schemes like PM-SYM. • MGNREGA: The employment guarantee scheme provides a safety net. It should be strengthened with higher wages and more workdays.

• Skill Development: Training programmes should help unorganised workers upgrade skills and move to better-paying organised employment. • Credit Access: Banks and cooperatives should provide cheap credit to small workers and artisans, reducing their dependence on moneylenders. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q18. Explain the importance of the tertiary sector in the Indian economy. How has it grown over the years? [CBSE 2022] [5] Ans: The tertiary sector is now India's dominant sector: • GDP Contribution: Service sector now contributes over 50% of India's GDP, surpassing agriculture and industry combined. • Supporting Sectors: Transport, storage, trade, and banking directly support agriculture and industry. Without these, other sectors cannot function. • New Services: IT, BPO, telecom, and financial services have emerged as major growth engines, earning foreign exchange and creating quality employment.

• Government Services: Education, healthcare, defence, and administration employ millions and provide essential public services. • Challenge: However, not all service sector jobs are high-paying. Many workers in transport, shops, and domestic work earn low wages with no job security. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q19. How is GDP calculated? Why is the tertiary sector becoming dominant in India? [CBSE 2021] [5] Ans: GDP and the rise of the service sector: • GDP Calculation: GDP = total value of all final goods and services produced within the country in a year. Measured by National Statistical Office (NSO). • Only Final Goods: Only final goods are counted to avoid double counting. Value of intermediate goods is excluded from GDP calculation. • Sector Shares: In 1950, agriculture dominated GDP. By 2020s, tertiary sector became dominant with over 50% share, followed by secondary (about 25%).

• Reasons for Tertiary Growth: Rising incomes, urbanisation, IT revolution, expansion of banking/insurance, and growing demand for education and healthcare. • Employment Mismatch: Despite highest GDP share, tertiary sector doesn't employ the most workers. Agriculture still employs the largest share of the workforce. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q20. Distinguish between public and private sectors with examples. Why is the public sector important? [CBSE 2020] [5] • Public Sector: Government owns and controls major assets and provides services. E.g., Railways, BHEL, NTPC, government hospitals and schools. • Private Sector: Ownership and control by private individuals/companies driven by profit motive. E.g., Tata Motors, Reliance, Infosys, private hospitals. • Essential Services: Public sector provides services that private sector won't (unprofitable but essential) - rural roads, drinking water, sanitation.

• Heavy Investment: Infrastructure like dams, power plants, and railways need massive investment that only the government can afford initially. • Social Welfare: Public sector ensures equitable access to education, healthcare, and employment through subsidies and welfare schemes for the poor. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ --- End of Chapter 2 PYQ ---