Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 Manufacturing Industries (Geography) PYQ

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Book: Geography Type: PYQ (Board Exam) Board: CBSE Chapter 6 : Manufacturing Industries

SECTION A : Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark Each)

Q1. Which industry is called the backbone of modern industry? [CBSE 2023] [1]
(a) Cotton textile
(b) Iron and steel
(c) IT industry
(d) Sugar industry Ans:
(b) Iron and steel industry. It provides the basic raw material for all other industries - construction, machinery, transport, defence, and consumer goods. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q2. The first cotton textile mill in India was set up in: [CBSE 2022] [1]
(a) Ahmedabad
(b) Mumbai (Bombay)
(c) Kolkata
(d) Chennai Ans:
(b) Mumbai (Bombay) in 1854. Mumbai became the cotton textile capital of India due to its proximity to cotton-growing areas and port facilities. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q3. Which of the following is an agro-based industry? [CBSE 2024] [1]
(a) Iron and steel
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar industry
(d) Petrochemical Ans:
(c) Sugar industry. Agro-based industries use agricultural raw materials - cotton textile, jute, sugar, food processing, vegetable oil, rubber. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q4. Bhilai steel plant was set up with the collaboration of: [CBSE 2021] [1]
(a) Germany
(b) UK
(c) Russia (USSR)
(d) Japan Ans:
(c) Russia (erstwhile USSR). Bhilai Steel Plant in Chhattisgarh was set up with Soviet assistance in 1959 and is one of India's largest steel plants. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q5. Which city is called the "Manchester of India"? [CBSE 2020] [1]
(a) Mumbai
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Coimbatore
(d) Kanpur Ans:
(b) Ahmedabad. Due to its dominant position in the cotton textile industry. However, Mumbai was the original cotton textile centre before Ahmedabad overtook it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q6. Cement industry requires which key raw materials? [CBSE 2023] [1]
(a) Cotton and jute
(b) Limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum
(c) Iron ore and coal
(d) Bauxite and copper Ans:
(b) Limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum. Cement is essential for construction. India is the 2nd largest cement producer in the world after China. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q7. Which of the following industrial cities is famous for the IT industry? [CBSE 2024] [1]
(a) Jamshedpur
(b) Bengaluru
(c) Bhilai
(d) Durgapur Ans:
(b) Bengaluru. Known as the Silicon Valley of India, it hosts headquarters of major IT companies like Infosys, Wipro, and numerous MNC technology centres. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q8. The jute industry is mainly concentrated in: [CBSE 2022] [1]
(a) Mumbai
(b) West Bengal
(c) Gujarat
(d) Tamil Nadu Ans:
(b) West Bengal, along the Hooghly River. Kolkata is the hub of the jute industry due to proximity to raw material (jute), water, labour, and port. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q9. TISCO was established in: [CBSE 2021] [1]
(a) 1907
(b) 1947
(c) 1920
(d) 1956 Ans:
(a) 1907. Tata Iron and Steel Company was established at Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) by Jamshetji Tata. It was India's first integrated steel plant. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q10. Assertion
(a) : Manufacturing sector is crucial for India's development. Reason (R): It creates employment and reduces dependence on agriculture. [CBSE 2024] [1]
(a) Both true and (R) correctly explains
(a)
(b) Both true but (R) does not explain
(a)
(c)
(a) is true but (R) is false
(d)
(a) is false Ans:
(a) Both true and (R) correctly explains
(a) . Manufacturing creates jobs for surplus agricultural workers and adds value to raw materials, boosting national income. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

SECTION B : Short Answer Questions (3 Marks Each)

Q11. Why is the manufacturing sector important for India? [CBSE 2023] [3] • Employment: Manufacturing creates jobs for millions, absorbing surplus agricultural labour. India aims to increase manufacturing share in GDP through Make in India. • Value Addition: Raw materials like cotton, iron ore, and sugarcane gain higher value when processed into textiles, steel, and sugar. This increases national income. • Exports: Manufactured goods earn valuable foreign exchange. Engineering goods, chemicals, textiles, and IT services are India's major export categories.

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Q12. Explain the factors affecting the location of industries. [CBSE 2024] [3] • Raw Materials: Industries using heavy/bulky raw materials locate near sources. Iron and steel near iron ore and coal mines (Jamshedpur, Bhilai, Rourkela). • Market & Transport: Consumer goods industries locate near markets. Good transport (roads, railways, ports) is essential. Mumbai, Chennai are port-based industrial cities. • Labour & Power: Cheap skilled labour attracts industries. Reliable electricity supply is essential. IT industry chose Bengaluru for skilled workforce and pleasant climate.

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Q13. Describe the distribution of cotton textile industry in India. [CBSE 2022] [3] • Gujarat & Maharashtra: Ahmedabad and Mumbai are traditional cotton textile centres. Proximity to cotton-growing black soil regions, ports, and labour supply. • Southern India: Coimbatore, Madurai (Tamil Nadu), Bengaluru (Karnataka) are important centres. Hydroelectric power availability is an advantage. • Spread: Industry has spread to other states - MP, Rajasthan, UP. Powerloom sector dominates production. India is the 2nd largest textile exporter globally.

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Q14. What are the problems faced by the sugar industry in India? [CBSE 2021] [3] • Seasonal: Sugar industry is seasonal - operates only during crushing season (Nov-April). Machinery and workers are idle for half the year. • Old Technology: Many mills use outdated machinery, leading to low sugar recovery. Indian mills recover about 10% sugar from cane vs 14% in other countries. • Transport Cost: Sugarcane is bulky and loses sucrose content during transport. Mills must be located within 50 km of cane-growing areas, limiting location choice.

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Q15. How does industrial pollution degrade the environment? Suggest remedial measures. [CBSE 2020] [3] • Air Pollution: Factories emit smoke, dust, and toxic gases (SO2, CO2, particulates). Thermal plants and refineries are major contributors to air pollution. • Water Pollution: Industrial effluents containing chemicals, heavy metals, and organic waste pollute rivers and groundwater. Tanneries, paper mills, and chemical plants are major offenders. • Remedies: Install effluent treatment plants, use cleaner fuels, adopt green technology, enforce pollution control laws, and promote industries in designated industrial zones.

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SECTION C : Long Answer Questions (5 Marks Each)

Q16. "The iron and steel industry is the backbone of modern industry." Explain its importance and distribution in India. [CBSE 2024] [5] Ans: Iron and steel is the most basic of all industries: • Importance: All other industries depend on it - transport (ships, railways, vehicles), construction (buildings, bridges), machines, tools, defence equipment. • Raw Materials: Requires iron ore, coking coal, limestone, manganese. India has abundant iron ore but limited coking coal, which must be imported.

• Major Plants: TISCO-Jamshedpur (1907), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Durgapur (WB), Rourkela (Odisha), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Visakhapatnam (AP), Salem (TN). • Production: India is the 2nd largest crude steel producer globally. The industry employs lakhs directly and millions indirectly through downstream industries. • Challenges: High energy cost, outdated technology in some plants, competition from China and Japan, environmental concerns, and limited coking coal reserves. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q17. Describe the factors responsible for the concentration of the cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat. [CBSE 2023] [5] Ans: Several factors favour concentration in these states: • Raw Material: Both states are major cotton producers. Black soil regions of Maharashtra and Gujarat provide abundant raw cotton for mills. • Port Facilities: Mumbai and Kandla ports facilitate import of machinery and export of finished textiles to global markets. • Climate: Humid climate of Mumbai coast prevents thread from breaking during spinning and weaving, improving quality of fabric.

• Labour & Capital: Cheap and skilled labour available. Mumbai and Ahmedabad developed early as financial centres, providing capital for industry. • Market: Large local markets in these densely populated states. Good railway and road connectivity with the rest of India for distribution. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q18. Explain the impact of industrialisation on the environment. Suggest measures to minimise it. [CBSE 2022] [5] Ans: Industries cause significant environmental damage: • Air Pollution: Smoke and gases from factories cause respiratory diseases, acid rain, and contribute to global warming. Power plants are the biggest culprits. • Water Pollution: Untreated industrial waste pollutes rivers (Ganga, Yamuna). Heavy metals and chemicals make water unfit for drinking, farming, and aquatic life. • Land Degradation: Industrial waste dumps, slag heaps, and fly ash disposal degrade land. Mining for industrial raw materials destroys forests and habitats.

• Noise Pollution: Factories, construction, and industrial transport create noise pollution affecting health and quality of life of nearby communities. • Solutions: Mandatory effluent treatment, shift to clean energy, recycling of waste, green technology adoption, strict enforcement of pollution laws, and environmental audits. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q19. Explain the distribution and importance of the IT industry in India. [CBSE 2021] [5] Ans: India's IT industry is a global success story: • Bengaluru: Known as Silicon Valley of India. Headquarters of Infosys, Wipro, and many MNC R&D; centres. Pleasant climate, skilled workforce, and IT infrastructure. • Other Hubs: Hyderabad (HITEC City), Pune, Chennai, Noida-Gurgaon (NCR), and Kolkata are major IT centres. Each specialises in different segments. • Employment: IT and BPO sector employs over 5 million directly and millions more indirectly. It has created a large, prosperous middle class.

• Exports: India exports IT services worth over $200 billion annually. It serves global clients in banking, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. • Impact: IT has transformed India's economy, image, and aspirations. It demonstrates that knowledge-based industries can drive development even without natural resources. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q20. How do industries pollute water? What steps can be taken to minimise water pollution? [CBSE 2020] [5] Ans: Industrial water pollution is a critical environmental issue: • Chemical Discharge: Factories discharge chemicals, acids, heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic) into rivers and lakes, making water toxic for all life forms. • Organic Waste: Food processing, paper, and textile industries release organic waste that reduces dissolved oxygen in water, killing aquatic life. • Thermal Pollution: Power plants and factories discharge hot water into rivers, raising temperature and disturbing aquatic ecosystems.

• Prevention: Install Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) in all factories. Treat industrial wastewater before discharge. Recycle and reuse water within factory premises. • Enforcement: Central and State Pollution Control Boards must strictly enforce discharge standards. Penalties for violations should be heavy and swift. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ --- End of Chapter 6 PYQ ---