Class 10 Social Science Chapter 11 Manufacturing Industries

Q1. Which industry is called the backbone of modern industry? [CBSE 2023] [1] (a) Cotton textile (b) Iron and steel (c) IT industry (d) Sugar industry

Ans: (b) Iron and steel industry. It provides the basic raw material for all other industries - construction, machinery, transport, defence, and consumer goods.

Q2. The first cotton textile mill in India was set up in: [CBSE 2022] [1] (a) Ahmedabad (b) Mumbai (Bombay) (c) Kolkata (d) Chennai

Ans: (b) Mumbai (Bombay) in 1854. Mumbai became the cotton textile capital of India due to its proximity to cotton-growing areas and port facilities.

Q3. Which of the following is an agro-based industry? [CBSE 2024] [1] (a) Iron and steel (b) Cement (c) Sugar industry (d) Petrochemical

Ans: (c) Sugar industry. Agro-based industries use agricultural raw materials - cotton textile, jute, sugar, food processing, vegetable oil, rubber.

Q4. Bhilai steel plant was set up with the collaboration of: [CBSE 2021] [1] (a) Germany (b) UK (c) Russia (USSR) (d) Japan

Ans: (c) Russia (erstwhile USSR). Bhilai Steel Plant in Chhattisgarh was set up with Soviet assistance in 1959 and is one of India's largest steel plants.

Q5. Which city is called the "Manchester of India"? [CBSE 2020] [1] (a) Mumbai (b) Ahmedabad (c) Coimbatore (d) Kanpur

Ans: (b) Ahmedabad. Due to its dominant position in the cotton textile industry. However, Mumbai was the original cotton textile centre before Ahmedabad overtook it.

Q6. Cement industry requires which key raw materials? [CBSE 2023] [1] (a) Cotton and jute (b) Limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum (c) Iron ore and coal (d) Bauxite and copper

Ans: (b) Limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum. Cement is essential for construction. India is the 2nd largest cement producer in the world after China.

Q7. Which of the following industrial cities is famous for the IT industry? [CBSE 2024] [1] (a) Jamshedpur (b) Bengaluru (c) Bhilai (d) Durgapur

Ans: (b) Bengaluru. Known as the Silicon Valley of India, it hosts headquarters of major IT companies like Infosys, Wipro, and numerous MNC technology centres.

Q8. The jute industry is mainly concentrated in: [CBSE 2022] [1] (a) Mumbai (b) West Bengal (c) Gujarat (d) Tamil Nadu

Ans: (b) West Bengal, along the Hooghly River. Kolkata is the hub of the jute industry due to proximity to raw material (jute), water, labour, and port.

Q9. TISCO was established in: [CBSE 2021] [1] (a) 1907 (b) 1947 (c) 1920 (d) 1956

Ans: (a) 1907. Tata Iron and Steel Company was established at Jamshedpur (Jharkhand) by Jamshetji Tata. It was India's first integrated steel plant.

Q10. Assertion (A): Manufacturing sector is crucial for India's development. Reason (R): It creates employment and reduces dependence on agriculture. [CBSE 2024] [1] (a) Both true and (R) correctly explains (A) (b) Both true but (R) does not explain (A) (c) (A) is true but (R) is false (d) (A) is false

Ans: (a) Both true and (R) correctly explains (A). Manufacturing creates jobs for surplus agricultural workers and adds value to raw materials, boosting national income.

Q16. "The iron and steel industry is the backbone of modern industry." Explain its importance and distribution in India. [CBSE 2024]

Ans: Iron and steel is the most basic of all industries: • Importance: All other industries depend on it - transport (ships, railways, vehicles), construction (buildings, bridges), machines, tools, defence equipment. UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU | Amitesh Nagar, Indore (M.P.) | www.uniquestudyonline.com Page 2 UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU Class X | Social Science | Geography Ch.6 • Raw Materials: Requires iron ore, coking coal, limestone, manganese. India has abundant iron ore but limited coking coal, which must be imported. • Major Plants: TISCO-Jamshedpur (1907), Bhilai (Chhattisgarh), Durgapur (WB), Rourkela (Odisha), Bokaro (Jharkhand), Visakhapatnam (AP), Salem (TN). • Production: India is the 2nd largest crude steel producer globally. The industry employs lakhs directly and millions indirectly through downstream industries. • Challenges: High energy cost, outdated technology in some plants, competition from China and Japan, environmental concerns, and limited coking coal reserves.

Q17. Describe the factors responsible for the concentration of the cotton textile industry in Maharashtra and Gujarat. [CBSE 2023]

Ans: Several factors favour concentration in these states: • Raw Material: Both states are major cotton producers. Black soil regions of Maharashtra and Gujarat provide abundant raw cotton for mills. • Port Facilities: Mumbai and Kandla ports facilitate import of machinery and export of finished textiles to global markets. • Climate: Humid climate of Mumbai coast prevents thread from breaking during spinning and weaving, improving quality of fabric. • Labour & Capital: Cheap and skilled labour available. Mumbai and Ahmedabad developed early as financial centres, providing capital for industry. • Market: Large local markets in these densely populated states. Good railway and road connectivity with the rest of India for distribution.

Q18. Explain the impact of industrialisation on the environment. Suggest measures to minimise it. [CBSE 2022]

Ans: Industries cause significant environmental damage: • Air Pollution: Smoke and gases from factories cause respiratory diseases, acid rain, and contribute to global warming. Power plants are the biggest culprits. • Water Pollution: Untreated industrial waste pollutes rivers (Ganga, Yamuna). Heavy metals and chemicals make water unfit for drinking, farming, and aquatic life. • Land Degradation: Industrial waste dumps, slag heaps, and fly ash disposal degrade land. Mining for industrial raw materials destroys forests and habitats. • Noise Pollution: Factories, construction, and industrial transport create noise pollution affecting health and quality of life of nearby communities. • Solutions: Mandatory effluent treatment, shift to clean energy, recycling of waste, green technology adoption, strict enforcement of pollution laws, and environmental audits.

Q19. Explain the distribution and importance of the IT industry in India. [CBSE 2021]

Ans: India's IT industry is a global success story: • Bengaluru: Known as Silicon Valley of India. Headquarters of Infosys, Wipro, and many MNC R&D; centres. Pleasant climate, skilled workforce, and IT infrastructure. • Other Hubs: Hyderabad (HITEC City), Pune, Chennai, Noida-Gurgaon (NCR), and Kolkata are major IT centres. Each specialises in different segments. • Employment: IT and BPO sector employs over 5 million directly and millions more indirectly. It has created a large, prosperous middle class. • Exports: India exports IT services worth over $200 billion annually. It serves global clients in banking, healthcare, retail, and manufacturing. • Impact: IT has transformed India's economy, image, and aspirations. It demonstrates that knowledge-based industries can drive development even without natural resources.

Q20. How do industries pollute water? What steps can be taken to minimise water pollution? [CBSE 2020]

Ans: Industrial water pollution is a critical environmental issue: • Chemical Discharge: Factories discharge chemicals, acids, heavy metals (lead, mercury, arsenic) into rivers and lakes, making water toxic for all life forms. • Organic Waste: Food processing, paper, and textile industries release organic waste that reduces dissolved oxygen in water, killing aquatic life. • Thermal Pollution: Power plants and factories discharge hot water into rivers, raising temperature and disturbing aquatic ecosystems. • Prevention: Install Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) in all factories. Treat industrial wastewater before discharge. Recycle and reuse water within factory premises. UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU | Amitesh Nagar, Indore (M.P.) | www.uniquestudyonline.com Page 3 UNIQUE STUDY POINT BY SUMEET SAHU Class X | Social Science | Geography Ch.6 • Enforcement: Central and State Pollution Control Boards must strictly enforce discharge standards. Penalties for violations should be heavy and swift.