Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe (History) Practice Paper 1

Subject: Social Science Class: X Session: 2025-26 (History) Chapter: 01 - The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. Who was Frédéric Sorrieu?
(a) A German philosopher
(b) A French artist
(c) An Italian revolutionary
(d) An English poet

Q2. The term 'liberalism' derives from which Latin root?
(a) Libra
(b) Liber
(c) Libertus
(d) Libertas

Q3. In which year was the Treaty of Vienna signed?
(a) 1814
(b) 1815
(c) 1816
(d) 1821

Q4. What was the main objective of the Vienna Congress?
(a) To promote democracy in Europe
(b) To restore monarchies and create conservative order
(c) To encourage nationalist movements
(d) To establish republics across Europe

Q5. Giuseppe Mazzini founded which secret society in Marseilles?
(a) Young Germany
(b) Young Europe
(c) Young Italy
(d) Carbonari

Q6. The Greek war of independence began in which year?
(a) 1815
(b) 1821
(c) 1830
(d) 1848

Q7. Which German philosopher believed that true German culture was to be found among the common people (das volk)?
(a) Friedrich Wilhelm
(b) Johann Gottfried Herder
(c) Otto von Bismarck
(d) Ernst Renan

Q8. The Napoleonic Code was introduced in which year?
(a) 1789
(b) 1799
(c) 1804
(d) 1815

Q9. Who was proclaimed the German Emperor in 1871?
(a) Otto von Bismarck
(b) Kaiser William I
(c) Friedrich Wilhelm IV
(d) Victor Emmanuel II

Q10. Which female figure represented France and was named after a popular Christian name?
(a) Germania
(b) Britannia
(c) Marianne
(d) Liberty

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. What were the two main symbols associated with the French Revolution that were used to personify Liberty?

Q12. Explain the significance of the Act of Union (1707) in the formation of the United Kingdom.

Q13. What was the Zollverein and when was it formed?

Q14. Name any two artists who contributed to the growth of nationalism through Romanticism.

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Describe three measures introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity among the French people.

Q16. Explain the role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in the unification of Italy.

Q17. What was the main cause of the Silesian weavers' uprising in 1845? Describe the event briefly.

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Explain how nationalism and the idea of the nation-state emerged in Europe during the nineteenth century. Discuss the role of the French Revolution in this process.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the source and answer the questions that follow: "In 1848, Frédéric Sorrieu, a French artist, prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world made up of 'democratic and social Republics'. The first print of the series, shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the statue of Liberty as they pass by it."
(a) Who was Frédéric Sorrieu? (1 mark)
(b) What did Sorrieu's prints visualize? (1 mark)
(c) Which countries led the procession in Sorrieu's vision and why? (2 marks)

Q20. Read the source and answer the questions that follow: "The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code – did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property. This Code was exported to the regions under French control."
(a) What was the Napoleonic Code? (1 mark)
(b) Mention any two features of the Napoleonic Code. (2 marks)
(c) How did the Napoleonic Code affect the territories under French control? (1 mark) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 01

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Ans 1.
(b) A French artist Ans 2.
(b) Liber Ans 3.
(b) 1815 Ans 4.
(b) To restore monarchies and create conservative order Ans 5.
(c) Young Italy Ans 6.
(b) 1821 Ans 7.
(b) Johann Gottfried Herder Ans 8.
(c) 1804 Ans 9.
(b) Kaiser William I Ans 10.
(c) Marianne

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 11. The two main symbols associated with Liberty during the French Revolution were:

1. The red cap: Also known as the Phrygian cap, it symbolized freedom and revolutionary ideals.

2. The broken chain: It represented being freed from oppression and tyranny, symbolizing the end of slavery and bondage. Liberty was personified as a female figure bearing the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other. Ans 12. The Act of Union (1707) was significant in the formation of the United Kingdom because: It resulted in the political union between England and Scotland, forming the 'United Kingdom of Great Britain'. It allowed England to impose its influence on Scotland, with the British parliament being dominated by English members.

Scotland's distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed after this union. Ans 13. Zollverein: The Zollverein was a customs union formed in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia. It was joined by most of the German states. Significance: It abolished tariff barriers between member states. It reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. It facilitated economic exchange and strengthened nationalist sentiments by creating unified economic territory. Ans 14. Two artists who contributed to nationalism through Romanticism were:

1. Eugene Delacroix: A French Romantic painter who created "The Massacre at Chios" (1824), depicting the suffering of Greeks and creating sympathy for their independence struggle.

2. Karol Kurpinski: A Polish composer who celebrated national struggle through operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 15. Three measures introduced by French revolutionaries to create collective identity:

1. New symbols and concepts: The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasized the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. A new French flag, the tricolour, replaced the former royal standard.

2. Centralized administrative system: The Estates General was elected by active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. A centralized administrative system formulated uniform laws for all citizens. Internal customs duties were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted.

3. Language and cultural standardization: Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as spoken in Paris, became the common language of the nation. New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. Ans 16. Role of Giuseppe Garibaldi in Italian unification:

1. Military leadership: In 1860, Garibaldi led the famous "Expedition of the Thousand" to South Italy with armed volunteers (Red Shirts). Their numbers grew to about 30,000 as fresh volunteers joined.

2. Liberation of southern Italy: He marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, winning the support of local peasants to drive out Spanish rulers.

3. Contribution to unity: His victories helped in unifying the Italian states under King Victor Emmanuel II, who was proclaimed king of united Italy in 1861. In 1867, he attempted to liberate Rome from the Papal States, though this was unsuccessful initially. Ans 17. Cause of Silesian weavers' uprising (1845): Contractors who supplied raw material and gave orders for finished textiles drastically reduced payments to weavers. The desperate need for jobs was exploited by contractors to reduce prices, causing extreme misery among workers.

The event: On June 4, a large crowd of weavers marched to their contractor's mansion demanding higher wages. They were treated with scorn and threats. Weavers forced their way into the house, smashed furniture and porcelain, and plundered cloth supplies from the storehouse. The contractor fled and returned with the army, resulting in 11 weavers being shot.

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Ans 18. Emergence of nationalism and nation-state in Europe:

1. Before the 19th century: No 'nation-states' existed in mid-eighteenth-century Europe. Europe was divided into kingdoms, duchies, and cantons with autonomous rulers. Multi-national empires like Habsburg ruled over diverse peoples who didn't share collective identity.

2. Role of French Revolution (1789): Transfer of sovereignty: The French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from monarchy to a body of French citizens. It proclaimed that the people would constitute the nation. Creation of collective identity: Revolutionaries introduced measures like the tricolour flag, National Assembly, new hymns, and the promotion of French as common language to create collective identity. Spread of ideas: The revolution declared it was France's mission to liberate European peoples from despotism, spreading nationalist ideas across Europe.

3. Development through 19th century: Liberal middle classes combined demands for constitutionalism with national unification. Romantic movement emphasized culture, language, and common heritage as basis for nationhood. Revolutionary uprisings in 1830 and 1848 further spread nationalist sentiments.

4. Unification movements: Germany unified under Prussian leadership (1866-71) through wars and Bismarck's diplomacy. Italy unified (1859-70) through the efforts of Sardinia-Piedmont, Cavour, and Garibaldi. Conclusion: Thus, nationalism emerged as a force bringing sweeping changes, resulting in the emergence of nation-states replacing multi-national dynastic empires in Europe.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Ans 19.
(a) Frédéric Sorrieu was a French artist who prepared a series of four prints in 1848 visualizing his dream of a world made up of 'democratic and social Republics'.
(b) Sorrieu's prints visualized a utopian vision where peoples of the world were grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume, all paying homage to the statue of Liberty.
(c) The United States and Switzerland led the procession in Sorrieu's vision. This was because by 1848, these two countries were already nation-states, having established themselves as republics with democratic principles. They represented the ideal that Sorrieu envisioned for other nations to follow.

Ans 20.
(a) The Napoleonic Code was the Civil Code of 1804 introduced by Napoleon Bonaparte. It was a comprehensive set of laws that reformed the French legal system.
(b) Two features of the Napoleonic Code were:

1. It did away with all privileges based on birth and established equality before the law.

2. It secured the right to property and simplified administrative divisions.
(c) The Napoleonic Code was exported to regions under French control (Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy, and Germany). In these territories, it abolished the feudal system, freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues, removed guild restrictions in towns, and improved transport and communication systems, making the administrative system more rational and efficient.