Class 10 Social Science Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World (History) Practice Paper 2

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 05 - Print Culture and the Modern World Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. From which year onwards were books in China printed using woodblock printing?
(a) AD 494
(b) AD 594
(c) AD 694
(d) AD 794

Q2. Which city became the hub of new print culture in China in the late nineteenth century?
(a) Beijing
(b) Nanjing
(c) Shanghai
(d) Hong Kong

Q3. How many copies of Gutenberg's Bible were printed?
(a) About 80
(b) About 180
(c) About 280
(d) About 380

Q4. Who was Kitagawa Utamaro?
(a) A Chinese printer
(b) A Japanese artist known for ukiyo prints
(c) A German inventor
(d) An Indian publisher

Q5. Which was the oldest Japanese book printed in AD 868?
(a) The Bible
(b) The Quran
(c) The Diamond Sutra
(d) The Rigveda

Q6. What were penny chapbooks in England?
(a) Expensive religious books
(b) Cheap books sold for a penny
(c) Government publications
(d) Scientific journals

Q7. From which year did the Roman Catholic Church begin maintaining an Index of Prohibited Books?
(a) 1458
(b) 1558
(c) 1658
(d) 1758

Q8. Who wrote "Gulamgiri" in 1871 criticizing the caste system?
(a) B.R. Ambedkar
(b) Jyotiba Phule
(c) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
(d) Rammohun Roy

Q9. Which newspaper was published by Gangadhar Bhattacharya who was close to Rammohun Roy?
(a) Bengal Gazette
(b) Sambad Kaumudi
(c) Samachar Chandrika
(d) Bombay Samachar

Q10. In which year was "Amar Jiban" by Rashsundari Debi published?
(a) 1856
(b) 1866
(c) 1876
(d) 1886

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. How did Gutenberg adapt existing technology to design his printing press?

Q12. What was the impact of print on children in the nineteenth century Europe?

Q13. What role did print play in religious reforms in nineteenth century India?

Q14. Mention any two innovations in printing technology that occurred in the nineteenth century.

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Explain how print culture led to the growth of reading mania in Europe by the eighteenth century.

Q16. How did print help poor people to express themselves in India? Give examples.

Q17. Describe the development of print in Japan from the medieval period to the eighteenth century.

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Examine the role of women in the world of print in nineteenth century India. How did print culture affect their lives?

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Case Study 1: "From 1780, James Augustus Hickey began to edit the Bengal Gazette, a weekly magazine that described itself as 'a commercial paper open to all, but influenced by none'. So it was private English enterprise, proud of its independence from colonial influence, that began English printing in India. Hickey published a lot of advertisements, including those that related to the import and sale of slaves. But he also published a lot of gossip about the Company's senior officials in India. Enraged by this, Governor-General Warren Hastings persecuted Hickey." Based on the above passage, answer the following questions:

(i) What did the Bengal Gazette describe itself as? (1 mark) (ii) What kind of advertisements did Hickey publish? (1 mark) (iii) Why did Governor-General Warren Hastings persecute Hickey? (2 marks)

Q20. Case Study 2: "By the mid-nineteenth century, Richard M. Hoe of New York had perfected the power-driven cylindrical press. This was capable of printing 8,000 sheets per hour. This press was particularly useful for printing newspapers. In the late nineteenth century, the offset press was developed which could print up to six colours at a time. From the turn of the twentieth century, electrically operated presses accelerated printing operations." Based on the above passage, answer the following questions:

(i) Who perfected the power-driven cylindrical press? (1 mark) (ii) How many sheets per hour could this press print? (1 mark) (iii) What were the advantages of the innovations in printing technology mentioned in the passage? (2 marks) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 02

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Ans 1.
(b) AD 594 From AD 594 onwards, books in China were printed by rubbing paper against the inked surface of woodblocks. Ans 2.
(c) Shanghai Shanghai became the hub of the new print culture in China, catering to the Western-style schools when Western printing techniques were imported in the late nineteenth century. Ans 3.
(b) About 180 Gutenberg printed about 180 copies of the Bible, and it took three years to produce them. Ans 4.
(b) A Japanese artist known for ukiyo prints Kitagawa Utamaro, born in Edo in 1753, was widely known for his contributions to ukiyo (pictures of the floating world).

Ans 5.
(c) The Diamond Sutra The oldest Japanese book, printed in AD 868, is the Buddhist Diamond Sutra, containing six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations. Ans 6.
(b) Cheap books sold for a penny Penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen in England, and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them. Ans 7.
(b) 1558 The Roman Church began to maintain an Index of Prohibited Books from 1558 to control the spread of heretical ideas. Ans 8.
(b) Jyotiba Phule Jyotiba Phule, the Maratha pioneer of 'low caste' protest movements, wrote about the injustices of the caste system in his Gulamgiri (1871).

Ans 9.
(a) Bengal Gazette The first Indian newspaper to appear was the weekly Bengal Gazette, brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya, who was close to Rammohun Roy. Ans 10.
(c) 1876 Rashsundari Debi's autobiography "Amar Jiban" was published in 1876. It was the first full-length autobiography published in the Bengali language.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 11. Gutenberg adapted existing technology in the following ways: • He drew on his knowledge from childhood when he had seen wine and olive presses on his father's agricultural estate. • The olive press provided the model for the printing press mechanism. • He used his expertise as a master goldsmith and knowledge of creating lead moulds for making trinkets. • These moulds were adapted for casting metal types for the letters of the alphabet. • By 1448, he perfected the system by combining these existing technologies in an innovative way.

Ans 12. The impact of print on children in nineteenth century Europe: • As primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important category of readers. • Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry. • A children's press devoted to literature for children alone was set up in France in 1857. • This press published new works as well as old fairy tales and folk tales like those compiled by the Grimm Brothers. Ans 13. Print played an important role in religious reforms in nineteenth century India:

• Printed tracts and newspapers spread new ideas and shaped the nature of religious debates. • Reformers like Rammohun Roy used print to spread their views through publications like Sambad Kaumudi. • The ulama published religious newspapers and tracts in Urdu to guide Muslim readers on Islamic doctrines. • Hindu religious texts like Ramcharitmanas were printed in cheap editions, making them accessible to wider audiences. Ans 14. Two innovations in printing technology in the nineteenth century:

1. Power-driven cylindrical press: By the mid-nineteenth century, Richard M. Hoe of New York had perfected the power-driven cylindrical press capable of printing 8,000 sheets per hour, particularly useful for newspapers.

2. Offset press: In the late nineteenth century, the offset press was developed which could print up to six colours at a time, greatly improving the quality and visual appeal of printed materials.

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 15. Print culture led to reading mania in Europe by the eighteenth century: • Through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, literacy rates went up in most parts of Europe. • Churches of different denominations set up schools in villages, carrying literacy to peasants and artisans. • By the end of the eighteenth century, literacy rates in some parts of Europe were as high as 60 to 80 per cent. • As literacy and schools spread, there was a virtual reading mania - people wanted books to read and printers produced books in ever-increasing numbers.

• New forms of popular literature appeared targeting new audiences - almanacs, ballads, folktales, and cheap entertainment books. • The periodical press developed from the early eighteenth century, combining information about current affairs with entertainment. Ans 16. Print helped poor people to express themselves in India in the following ways: • Very cheap small books were sold at crossroads and markets, allowing poor traveling people to buy them. • Public libraries were set up from the early twentieth century in cities, towns, and prosperous villages, expanding access to books.

• Issues of caste discrimination were written about in printed tracts and essays. Jyotiba Phule wrote "Gulamgiri" (1871), while B.R. Ambedkar and Periyar wrote powerfully on caste. • Workers in factories wrote about their experiences. Kashibaba, a Kanpur millworker, wrote and published "Chhote Aur Bade Ka Sawal" in 1938. • Another Kanpur millworker wrote poems under the name Sudarshan Chakr (1935-1955), later published as "Sacchi Kavitayan". • Bangalore cotton millworkers set up libraries to educate themselves, following the example of Bombay workers.

Ans 17. Development of print in Japan: • Buddhist missionaries from China introduced hand-printing technology into Japan around AD 768-770. • The oldest Japanese book, the Buddhist Diamond Sutra, was printed in AD 868 with six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations. • Pictures were printed on textiles, playing cards, and paper money. • In medieval Japan, poets and prose writers were regularly published, and books were cheap and abundant. • In the late eighteenth century in Edo (later Tokyo), illustrated collections of paintings depicted elegant urban culture.

• Kitagawa Utamaro became widely known for ukiyo (pictures of the floating world) which influenced European artists. • Libraries and bookstores were packed with hand-printed material on various topics - women, musical instruments, tea ceremony, flower arrangements, etiquette, cooking, and famous places.

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Ans 18. The role of women in the world of print in nineteenth century India was significant and transformative:

1. Women as Readers: • Lives and feelings of women began to be written about in vivid and intense ways. • Women's reading increased enormously in middle-class homes. • Liberal husbands and fathers began educating their womenfolk at home using printed materials. • When women's schools were set up in cities and towns after the mid-nineteenth century, girls were sent there for education. • Many journals carried writings explaining why women should be educated and provided syllabi for home-based schooling.

2. Women as Writers: • Many journals began carrying writings by women themselves. • From the 1860s, Bengali women like Kailashbashini Debi wrote books highlighting women's experiences. • Rashsundari Debi wrote "Amar Jiban" (1876), the first full-length autobiography in Bengali, after learning to read secretly in her kitchen. • In the 1880s in Maharashtra, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserable lives of upper-caste Hindu women and widows. • In the early twentieth century, journals written for and sometimes edited by women became extremely popular.

3. Challenges and Opposition: • Not all families were liberal - conservative Hindus believed literate girls would be widowed. • Muslims feared that educated women would be corrupted by reading Urdu romances. • Sometimes rebel women defied prohibitions to learn reading and writing.

4. Impact on Women's Lives: • Print gave women access to knowledge and different ideas about their role in society. • Women's journals discussed important issues like women's education, widowhood, widow remarriage, and the national movement. • Some journals offered household and fashion lessons and brought entertainment through short stories and serialized novels. • Women found happiness and expanded their world through reading, as expressed by a woman in a Tamil novel: "For various reasons, my world is small… More than half my life's happiness has come from books." Conclusion: Print culture opened new avenues for women to educate themselves, express their views, and question social injustices. It played a crucial role in women's empowerment and the beginning of women's participation in public discourse in nineteenth century India.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Ans 19. (i) The Bengal Gazette described itself as 'a commercial paper open to all, but influenced by none'. (ii) Hickey published advertisements related to the import and sale of slaves, along with other commercial advertisements. (iii) Governor-General Warren Hastings persecuted Hickey because: • Hickey published a lot of gossip about the Company's senior officials in India in his newspaper. • This gossip damaged the image of colonial officials and the Company's administration. • Warren Hastings wanted to control the flow of such negative information and therefore encouraged publication of officially sanctioned newspapers that would counter Hickey's independent reporting.

Ans 20. (i) Richard M. Hoe of New York perfected the power-driven cylindrical press by the mid-nineteenth century. (ii) This press was capable of printing 8,000 sheets per hour. (iii) The advantages of innovations in printing technology were: • The power-driven cylindrical press greatly increased printing speed, making it particularly useful for printing newspapers which required fast production. • The offset press could print up to six colours at a time, which improved the visual quality and attractiveness of printed materials.

• Electrically operated presses from the early twentieth century further accelerated printing operations, making mass production faster and more efficient. • These innovations made printed material more accessible and affordable to common people, contributing to the spread of literacy and information.