Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism in India (History) Practice Paper 1

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 02 - Nationalism in India Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. In which year did Mahatma Gandhi return to India from South Africa?
(a) 1913
(b) 1915
(c) 1917
(d) 1919

Q2. The Rowlatt Act gave the government enormous powers to:
(a) Increase taxes on Indian goods
(b) Repress political activities and detain prisoners without trial
(c) Ban all political parties in India
(d) Control the press completely

Q3. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on:
(a) 10 April 1919
(b) 13 April 1919
(c) 6 April 1919
(d) 20 April 1919

Q4. Who led the peasant movement in Awadh?
(a) Alluri Sitaram Raju
(b) Baba Ramchandra
(c) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru

Q5. The term 'begar' refers to:
(a) Tax on agricultural produce
(b) Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without payment
(c) British officials in India
(d) Land revenue system

Q6. The Simon Commission arrived in India in:
(a) 1927
(b) 1928
(c) 1929
(d) 1930

Q7. Mahatma Gandhi started the famous Salt March from:
(a) Dandi to Sabarmati
(b) Sabarmati to Dandi
(c) Ahmedabad to Mumbai
(d) Champaran to Dandi

Q8. Which of the following was NOT a demand in Gandhi's letter to Viceroy Irwin?
(a) Abolition of salt tax
(b) Reduction in military expenditure
(c) Complete independence immediately
(d) Release of political prisoners

Q9. The Depressed Classes Association was formed by:
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose

Q10. The image of 'Bharat Mata' was first created by:
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Abanindranath Tagore
(c) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(d) Raja Ravi Varma

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. What was the impact of the First World War on India's economy?

Q12. What was the main objective of the Khilafat Movement?

Q13. Why did Mahatma Gandhi withdraw the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922?

Q14. What was the significance of the Poona Pact of 1932?

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Explain the concept of Satyagraha as envisioned by Mahatma Gandhi.

Q16. Describe how the plantation workers in Assam understood and responded to the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q17. How did the business class participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? What were their concerns?

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Describe the main features of the Civil Disobedience Movement of 1930. How was it different from the Non- Cooperation Movement?

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: "In the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, a militant guerrilla movement spread in the early 1920s. The colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing people from entering the forests to graze their cattle, or to collect fuelwood and fruits. When the government began forcing them to contribute begar for road building, the hill people revolted. Alluri Sitaram Raju claimed that he had a variety of special powers and could survive even bullet shots. Raju talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi, but at the same time he asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence." (i) Why did the hill people of Gudem revolt against the British? (1) (ii) How did Alluri Sitaram Raju's approach differ from Gandhian principles? (2) (iii) What does this movement tell us about the interpretation of Swaraj by different groups? (1)

Q20. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: "On 31 January 1930, Mahatma Gandhi sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands. The most stirring of all was the demand to abolish the salt tax. Salt was something consumed by the rich and the poor alike, and it was one of the most essential items of food. The tax on salt and the government monopoly over its production, Mahatma Gandhi declared, revealed the most oppressive face of British rule." (i) Why did Gandhi choose salt as a symbol for his movement? (1) (ii) What was Gandhi's ultimatum to the British government? (1) (iii) How did the salt tax affect different sections of Indian society? (2) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 01

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Q1.
(b) 1915 Mahatma Gandhi returned to India in January 1915 after successfully fighting the racist regime in South Africa using his novel method of mass agitation called Satyagraha.

Q2.
(b) Repress political activities and detain prisoners without trial The Rowlatt Act of 1919 gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

Q3.
(b) 13 April 1919 The infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919, when General Dyer ordered firing on a peaceful gathering, killing hundreds of people.

Q4.
(b) Baba Ramchandra Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi who had been to Fiji as an indentured labourer, led the peasant movement in Awadh against talukdars and landlords.

Q5.
(b) Labour that villagers were forced to contribute without payment Begar was forced labour that villagers had to contribute without any payment, typically working at landlords' farms or on government projects.

Q6.
(b) 1928 The Simon Commission arrived in India in 1928 and was greeted with the slogan "Go back Simon" as it did not have a single Indian member.

Q7.
(b) Sabarmati to Dandi Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March from his ashram in Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi in Gujarat, covering over 240 miles in 24 days.

Q8.
(c) Complete independence immediately Gandhi's eleven demands included abolition of salt tax, reduction in land revenue, and reduction in military expenditure, but not complete independence immediately. The independence demand was formalized later at the Lahore Congress in 1929.

Q9.
(b) Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Dr. B.R. Ambedkar organized the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930 to demand political rights and social equality.

Q10.
(c) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay The image of Bharat Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. He wrote 'Vande Mataram' in the 1870s as a hymn to the motherland, which was later included in his novel Anandamath.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q11. The First World War had severe economic impacts on India: There was a huge increase in defence expenditure financed by war loans and increasing taxes Customs duties were raised and income tax was introduced Prices increased drastically, doubling between 1913 and 1918, leading to extreme hardship for common people Villages were called upon to supply soldiers through forced recruitment in rural areas

Q12. The main objectives of the Khilafat Movement were: To defend the Khalifa's (Ottoman emperor's) temporal powers after the defeat of Ottoman Turkey in World War I To protest against the harsh peace treaty that was to be imposed on the Ottoman emperor Muslim leaders like Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali formed the Khilafat Committee in Bombay in March 1919 to organize this movement

Q13. Mahatma Gandhi withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement in February 1922 due to the following reasons: The movement was turning violent in many places, especially after the Chauri Chaura incident where a peaceful demonstration turned into a violent clash Gandhi felt that satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggles He believed in strict adherence to non-violence and could not continue a movement that was becoming violent

Q14. The significance of the Poona Pact of September 1932: It resolved the conflict between Gandhi and Ambedkar over separate electorates for dalits It gave the Depressed Classes (later known as Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils However, they were to be voted in by the general electorate, not through separate electorates as Ambedkar had initially demanded This compromise was reached after Gandhi began a fast unto death against separate electorates

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q15. Satyagraha, as envisioned by Mahatma Gandhi, had the following key features: Power of Truth: The concept emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth Non-violence: If the cause was true and the struggle was against injustice, physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor Appealing to Conscience: A satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor Persuasion over Force: People, including the oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth instead of being forced to accept it through violence Ultimate Triumph of Truth: Gandhi believed that through this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph Active Resistance: Despite being non-violent, Satyagraha was active resistance, not passive acceptance of injustice

Q16. The plantation workers in Assam had their own unique understanding of the Non-Cooperation Movement: Interpretation of Swaraj: For them, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined spaces they were enclosed in, and to retain links with their home villages Context: Under the Inland Emigration Act of 1859, plantation workers were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission Response: When they heard of the Non-Cooperation Movement, thousands of workers defied authorities, left the plantations, and headed home Belief: They believed that Gandhi Raj was coming and everyone would be given land in their own villages Outcome: However, they never reached their destination as they were stranded by railway and steamer strikes and were caught and brutally beaten by the police

Q17. Participation of Business Class: During World War I, Indian merchants and industrialists had made huge profits and become powerful They formed organizations like the Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress (1920) and FICCI (1927) to organize business interests Led by industrialists like Purshottamdas Thakurdas and G.D. Birla, they initially supported the Civil Disobedience Movement They gave financial assistance and refused to buy or sell imported goods They saw swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist Their Concerns:

After the failure of the Round Table Conference, they became less enthusiastic They were apprehensive of the spread of militant activities They worried about prolonged disruption of business They were concerned about the growing influence of socialism among younger Congress members

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Q18. Main Features of Civil Disobedience Movement (1930):

1. Salt March: Began with Gandhi's famous Salt March from Sabarmati to Dandi (240 miles, 24 days), ceremonially violating the salt law on 6 April 1930

2. Breaking Colonial Laws: Thousands broke the salt law, manufactured salt, and demonstrated in front of government salt factories

3. Boycott of Foreign Goods: Foreign cloth was boycotted and liquor shops were picketed across the country

4. Refusal to Pay Taxes: Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari taxes

5. Resignation of Officials: Village officials resigned from their positions

6. Forest Law Violations: Forest people violated forest laws by going into Reserved Forests to collect wood and graze cattle Differences from Non-Cooperation Movement: Nature of Defiance: In the Non-Cooperation Movement (1921-22), people were asked to refuse cooperation with the British. In Civil Disobedience, they were asked to actively break colonial laws Symbolic Action: Civil Disobedience had a powerful symbolic beginning with the Salt March, while Non- Cooperation began with surrender of titles and boycott of institutions Peasant Participation: There was more organized peasant participation in Civil Disobedience with specific demands related to revenue and land Women's Participation: Large-scale participation of women was a more prominent feature in Civil Disobedience Movement Duration and Intensity: Civil Disobedience saw more violent government repression with about 100,000 arrests, and continued for longer periods with re-launches

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Q19. (i) Why did the hill people revolt? The hill people of Gudem revolted because the colonial government had closed large forest areas, preventing them from grazing cattle and collecting fuelwood and fruits. Additionally, they were being forced to contribute begar (forced labour) for road building. (ii) How did Raju's approach differ from Gandhian principles? Alluri Sitaram Raju's approach differed significantly from Gandhian principles in the following ways: While he talked of the greatness of Mahatma Gandhi and wore khadi, he rejected Gandhi's principle of non- violence He asserted that India could be liberated only by the use of force, not non-violence His movement involved guerrilla warfare, attacking police stations, and attempting to kill British officials This militant approach was completely opposite to Gandhi's philosophy of satyagraha and peaceful resistance (iii) What does this tell us about interpretations of Swaraj?

This movement shows that different groups interpreted Swaraj in their own ways based on their local grievances and contexts. For the tribal people, Swaraj meant restoration of their traditional rights over forests and freedom from forced labour, even if it required violent means. They selectively adopted elements of the national movement while maintaining their own methods of struggle.

Q20. (i) Why did Gandhi choose salt as a symbol? Gandhi chose salt as a powerful symbol because it was consumed by both rich and poor alike, making it a unifying issue that could bring all classes of Indian society together in a common struggle against colonial oppression. (ii) What was Gandhi's ultimatum? Gandhi's ultimatum was that if the eleven demands stated in his letter were not fulfilled by 11 March 1930, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign against the British government.

(iii) How did the salt tax affect different sections? The salt tax affected different sections of Indian society in the following ways: Poor People: Salt was one of the most essential items of food, and the tax made it expensive for the poor who could barely afford basic necessities Rich People: While the rich could afford the tax, they also consumed salt daily, making it a universal grievance Economic Impact: The government monopoly over salt production prevented Indians from manufacturing their own salt, affecting local economies Symbolic Oppression: Gandhi declared that the salt tax and government monopoly revealed the most oppressive face of British rule, affecting every Indian regardless of class