Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism in India (History) Practice Paper 2

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 02 - Nationalism in India Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. Where did Mahatma Gandhi organize his first Satyagraha in India in 1917?
(a) Kheda
(b) Ahmedabad
(c) Champaran
(d) Bardoli

Q2. The hartal against the Rowlatt Act was launched on:
(a) 6 April 1919
(b) 13 April 1919
(c) 10 April 1919
(d) 1 April 1919

Q3. The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in:
(a) December 1920
(b) January 1921
(c) February 1920
(d) April 1919

Q4. The Oudh Kisan Sabha was headed by:
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Baba Ramchandra
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and others
(d) Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel

Q5. 'Nai-dhobi bandhs' were organized to:
(a) Support foreign goods
(b) Socially boycott oppressive landlords
(c) Oppose the British government
(d) Demand higher wages

Q6. The Lahore Congress session of December 1929 formalized the demand for:
(a) Dominion Status
(b) Purna Swaraj
(c) Provincial Autonomy
(d) Separate Electorates

Q7. How many days did the Salt March take?
(a) 15 days
(b) 20 days
(c) 24 days
(d) 30 days

Q8. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on:
(a) 5 March 1930
(b) 5 March 1931
(c) 26 January 1930
(d) 6 April 1930

Q9. Which party entered the council elections in 1920 while Congress boycotted them?
(a) Muslim League
(b) Hindu Mahasabha
(c) Justice Party
(d) Swaraj Party

Q10. 'Vande Mataram' was written by:
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(c) Abanindranath Tagore
(d) Bharatendu Harishchandra

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. What were the main features of the Rowlatt Act of 1919?

Q12. Why did Mahatma Gandhi see the Khilafat issue as an opportunity?

Q13. Why did many within the Congress initially hesitate to adopt the Non-Cooperation programme?

Q14. What was the Swaraj Party? Why was it formed?

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Describe the peasant movement in Awadh. What were the demands of the peasants?

Q16. How did rich peasant communities participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement? Why were they later disappointed?

Q17. What role did women play in the Civil Disobedience Movement? What were the limitations of their participation?

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Why did some Muslims feel alienated from the Congress by the late 1920s? Explain the main reasons for growing communal tensions.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: "Mahatma Gandhi believed that this dharma of non-violence could unite all Indians. The idea of satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth. It suggested that if the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor. Without seeking vengeance or being aggressive, a satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor." (i) What does the term 'dharma of non-violence' signify in Gandhi's philosophy? (1) (ii) How could a satyagrahi win without using force? (2) (iii) Why did Gandhi believe non-violence could unite all Indians? (1)

Q20. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: "In his famous book Hind Swaraj (1909), Mahatma Gandhi declared that British rule was established in India with the cooperation of Indians, and had survived only because of this cooperation. If Indians refused to cooperate, British rule in India would collapse within a year, and swaraj would come." (i) What was the main argument in Hind Swaraj? (1) (ii) How did Gandhi propose to achieve swaraj through non-cooperation? (2) (iii) Was Gandhi's prediction about British rule collapsing in a year realistic? Explain. (1) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 02

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Q1.
(c) Champaran In 1917, Mahatma Gandhi travelled to Champaran in Bihar to organize his first Satyagraha in India, inspiring peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.

Q2.
(a) 6 April 1919 Mahatma Gandhi launched a nationwide hartal on 6 April 1919 against the proposed Rowlatt Act. Rallies were organized in various cities, workers went on strike, and shops closed down.

Q3.
(b) January 1921 The Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement began in January 1921 after the programme was adopted at the Nagpur Congress session in December 1920.

Q4.
(c) Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and others The Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up in October 1920, headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, Baba Ramchandra and a few others. Within a month, over 300 branches had been set up in villages.

Q5.
(b) Socially boycott oppressive landlords 'Nai-dhobi bandhs' (barber-washerman boycotts) were organized by panchayats in Awadh to deprive oppressive landlords of the services of even barbers and washermen as a form of social boycott.

Q6.
(b) Purna Swaraj In December 1929, under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Lahore Congress formalized the demand of 'Purna Swaraj' or complete independence for India. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as Independence Day.

Q7.
(c) 24 days The Salt March took 24 days to complete. Gandhi and 78 volunteers walked from Sabarmati to Dandi, covering over 240 miles at about 10 miles a day.

Q8.
(b) 5 March 1931 The Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed on 5 March 1931. By this pact, Gandhiji consented to participate in a Round Table Conference and the government agreed to release political prisoners.

Q9.
(c) Justice Party The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining power.

Q10.
(b) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay 'Vande Mataram' was written by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay in the 1870s as a hymn to the motherland. It was later included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q11. The main features of the Rowlatt Act of 1919 were: It was hurriedly passed through the Imperial Legislative Council despite united opposition of Indian members It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities It allowed detention of political prisoners without trial for two years The Act was seen as a severe curtailment of civil liberties and sparked widespread protests

Q12. Mahatma Gandhi saw the Khilafat issue as an opportunity to: Bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement Bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims which had widened in previous years Create a broad-based movement that included all communities He felt that no successful movement could be organized without bringing Hindus and Muslims closer together

Q13. Many within the Congress hesitated to adopt the Non-Cooperation programme because: They were reluctant to boycott the council elections scheduled for November 1920 They feared that the movement might lead to popular violence There was an intense tussle within Congress between September and December 1920 Finally, a compromise was worked out at the Nagpur session in December 1920

Q14. The Swaraj Party: It was formed by C.R. Das and Motilal Nehru within the Congress It was formed because some Congress leaders were tired of mass struggles after 1922 They wanted to participate in elections to provincial councils set up by the Government of India Act of 1919 They felt it was important to oppose British policies within councils, argue for reform, and demonstrate that these councils were not truly democratic

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q15. Peasant Movement in Awadh: In Awadh, peasants were led by Baba Ramchandra, a sanyasi who had earlier been to Fiji as an indentured labourer The movement was against talukdars and landlords who demanded exorbitantly high rents and various other cesses from peasants Peasants had to do begar and work at landlords' farms without any payment As tenants, they had no security of tenure and were regularly evicted Demands of the Peasants: Reduction of revenue Abolition of begar (forced labour) Social boycott of oppressive landlords through nai-dhobi bandhs Security of tenure for tenants The Oudh Kisan Sabha was set up in October 1920 to organize these demands

Q16. Participation of Rich Peasants: Rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the Civil Disobedience Movement Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government's revenue demand They became enthusiastic supporters, organizing their communities and forcing reluctant members to participate in boycott programmes For them, the fight for swaraj was primarily a struggle against high revenues Why They Were Disappointed:

They were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised When the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate Their specific economic grievances had not been addressed

Q17. Role of Women: Large-scale participation of women was an important feature of the Civil Disobedience Movement Thousands of women came out during Gandhi's salt march to listen to him They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops Many women went to jail for their participation In urban areas, these women were from high-caste families; in rural areas, they came from rich peasant households They began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women Limitations:

This increased public role did not necessarily mean any radical change in how women's position was visualized Gandhi believed it was the duty of women to look after home and hearth, be good mothers and good wives Congress was reluctant to allow women to hold any position of authority within the organization for a long time Congress was keen only on their symbolic presence in the movement

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Q18. Reasons for Muslim Alienation from Congress:

1. Decline of Non-Cooperation-Khilafat Movement: After the decline of this movement, a large section of Muslims felt alienated from the Congress The unity achieved during the Khilafat movement could not be sustained

2. Association with Hindu Groups: From the mid-1920s, the Congress came to be more visibly associated with openly Hindu religious nationalist groups like the Hindu Mahasabha This made Muslims apprehensive about their position in a Congress-led India

3. Communal Clashes: Relations between Hindus and Muslims worsened in the 1920s Each community organized religious processions with militant fervor This provoked Hindu-Muslim communal clashes and riots in various cities Every riot deepened the distance between the two communities

4. Failure of Negotiations: Congress and Muslim League made efforts to renegotiate an alliance in 1927 Important differences arose over representation in future elected assemblies Muhammad Ali Jinnah was willing to give up separate electorates if Muslims were assured reserved seats and proportional representation All hope of resolving the issue disappeared at the All Parties Conference in 1928 when M.R. Jayakar of Hindu Mahasabha strongly opposed compromise efforts

5. Minority Concerns: Many Muslim leaders and intellectuals expressed concern about the status of Muslims as a minority They feared that the culture and identity of minorities would be submerged under the domination of a Hindu majority In 1930, Sir Muhammad Iqbal reiterated the importance of separate electorates for Muslims as an important safeguard Impact on Civil Disobedience: When Civil Disobedience Movement started, there was an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust Large sections of Muslims could not respond to the call for a united struggle This weakened the national movement considerably

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Q19. (i) What does 'dharma of non-violence' signify? The 'dharma of non-violence' signifies Gandhi's belief that non-violence was not just a political strategy but a moral and spiritual principle that was fundamental to Indian culture and values. It was a duty (dharma) that all Indians should follow. (ii) How could a satyagrahi win without force? A satyagrahi could win without using force through the following means: By appealing to the conscience of the oppressor - making them realize the injustice they were committing By the power of truth - if the cause was just, truth would ultimately prevail Through persuasion rather than force - convincing people to see the truth instead of forcing them By remaining non-violent, non-aggressive, and not seeking vengeance Gandhi believed that this approach would eventually make even oppressors recognize the injustice and change their behavior (iii) Why could non-violence unite all Indians?

Gandhi believed non-violence could unite all Indians because it was rooted in Indian dharma and culture, transcending religious, caste, and class divisions. It was a principle that all Indians could identify with and practice, regardless of their background, making it a truly inclusive basis for the national movement.

Q20. (i) What was the main argument in Hind Swaraj? The main argument in Hind Swaraj was that British rule was established and survived only because of Indian cooperation. Therefore, if Indians withdrew their cooperation, British rule would collapse. (ii) How did Gandhi propose to achieve swaraj? Gandhi proposed the following strategy for non-cooperation: The movement should unfold in stages Begin with surrender of titles awarded by the government Boycott civil services, army, police, courts, and legislative councils Boycott schools and foreign goods If the government used repression, launch a full civil disobedience campaign By systematically withdrawing cooperation from all British institutions, the colonial system would become inoperable (iii) Was Gandhi's prediction realistic?

Gandhi's prediction that British rule would collapse within a year was not realistic. While the strategy of non- cooperation was effective in mobilizing people and putting pressure on the British, achieving independence required sustained struggle over many years. The British had military power, administrative control, and economic dominance that could not be dismantled in just one year. The actual independence came after decades of struggle, though the non-cooperation strategy did significantly weaken British control.