Class 10 Social Science Chapter 2 Nationalism in India (History) Practice Paper 3

Class: X Subject: Social Science Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 02 - Nationalism in India Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha movement amongst:
(a) Peasants
(b) Cotton mill workers
(c) Tea plantation workers
(d) Railway workers

Q2. Who was the commander who ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh?
(a) Lord Irwin
(b) General O'Dwyer
(c) General Dyer
(d) Lord Curzon

Q3. The incident of Chauri Chaura took place in:
(a) Bihar
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Punjab
(d) Bengal

Q4. Alluri Sitaram Raju led a guerrilla movement in:
(a) Awadh region
(b) Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh
(c) Kheda district of Gujarat
(d) Bardoli, Gujarat

Q5. The Inland Emigration Act of 1859 restricted the movement of:
(a) Factory workers
(b) Peasants
(c) Plantation workers
(d) Urban migrants

Q6. On which date did Gandhi reach Dandi and break the salt law?
(a) 31 January 1930
(b) 12 March 1930
(c) 6 April 1930
(d) 5 March 1931

Q7. Who founded the Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA)?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) Jawaharlal Nehru
(c) Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh
(d) Subhas Chandra Bose

Q8. The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress was formed in:
(a) 1917
(b) 1920
(c) 1927
(d) 1930

Q9. Mahatma Gandhi called the untouchables:
(a) Scheduled Castes
(b) Dalits
(c) Harijan
(d) Depressed Classes

Q10. The famous painting of Bharat Mata was created by:
(a) Raja Ravi Varma
(b) Abanindranath Tagore
(c) Nand Lal Bose
(d) Amrita Sher-Gil

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. What was General Dyer's objective in ordering the firing at Jallianwala Bagh?

Q12. Why did the import of foreign cloth halve between 1921 and 1922?

Q13. What happened at Chauri Chaura in February 1922?

Q14. What was the worldwide economic depression's impact on India?

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Why did the movement in cities gradually slow down during the Non-Cooperation Movement? Explain any three reasons.

Q16. Explain how industrial working classes participated in the Civil Disobedience Movement. Why was their participation limited?

Q17. How did the Congress attempt to resolve the problem of separate electorates for dalits? What was the Poona Pact?

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Explain the various cultural processes through which nationalism captured people's imagination in India.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: "The movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left government- controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The council elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed, and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires." (i) Which movement is being described in this passage? (1) (ii) Why did the Justice Party not boycott the council elections? (1) (iii) What were the economic effects of boycotting foreign goods? (2)

Q20. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow: "Bhagat Singh was 23 when he was tried and executed by the colonial government. During his trial, Bhagat Singh stated that he did not wish to glorify 'the cult of the bomb and pistol' but wanted a revolution in society: 'Revolution is the inalienable right of mankind. Freedom is the imprescriptible birthright of all. The labourer is the real sustainer of society... To the altar of this revolution we have brought our youth as incense, for no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause.'" (i) What was Bhagat Singh's vision of revolution? (1) (ii) How did his approach differ from Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement? (2) (iii) Why is Bhagat Singh remembered as a revolutionary hero? (1) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 03

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Q1.
(b) Cotton mill workers In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers to address their grievances regarding wages and working conditions.

Q2.
(c) General Dyer General Dyer was the British military commander who ordered the firing at Jallianwala Bagh on 13 April 1919. He entered the area, blocked the exit points, and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds.

Q3.
(b) Uttar Pradesh The Chauri Chaura incident took place in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, in February 1922. A peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police, leading Gandhi to call off the Non-Cooperation Movement.

Q4.
(b) Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh Alluri Sitaram Raju led a militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh in the early 1920s. The movement was against the colonial government's forest policies and forced labour.

Q5.
(c) Plantation workers The Inland Emigration Act of 1859 restricted the movement of plantation workers. They were not permitted to leave the tea gardens without permission, and such permission was rarely given.

Q6.
(c) 6 April 1930 Mahatma Gandhi reached Dandi on 6 April 1930 after walking for 24 days from Sabarmati. He ceremonially violated the salt law by manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.

Q7.
(c) Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh The Hindustan Socialist Republican Army (HSRA) was founded in 1928 at a meeting in Ferozeshah Kotla ground in Delhi. Amongst its leaders were Bhagat Singh, Jatin Das and Ajoy Ghosh.

Q8.
(b) 1920 The Indian Industrial and Commercial Congress was formed in 1920 to organize business interests. It was followed by the formation of FICCI in 1927.

Q9.
(c) Harijan Mahatma Gandhi called the untouchables 'harijan', which means 'children of God'. He worked to eliminate untouchability and secure their rights to temple entry and access to public facilities.

Q10.
(b) Abanindranath Tagore The famous painting of Bharat Mata was created by Abanindranath Tagore. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, he painted Bharat Mata as an ascetic figure who is calm, composed, divine and spiritual.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q11. General Dyer's objective in ordering the firing at Jallianwala Bagh was: To 'produce a moral effect' on the people To create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe To intimidate Indians and suppress the nationalist movement As he declared later, his intention was to humiliate and terrorize people to prevent further protests

Q12. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922 due to: The widespread boycott of foreign goods as part of the Non-Cooperation Movement Foreign cloth was burnt in huge bonfires across the country Merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade The value dropped from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore as people began discarding imported clothes and wearing Indian ones

Q13. At Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur in February 1922: A peaceful demonstration in a bazaar turned into a violent clash with the police The protesters attacked and set fire to a police station Several policemen were killed in the incident Hearing of this incident, Mahatma Gandhi decided to call off the entire Non-Cooperation Movement as it was turning violent, which was against his principle of ahimsa

Q14. The impact of the worldwide economic depression on India: Agricultural prices began to fall from 1926 and collapsed after 1930 As the demand for agricultural goods fell and exports declined, peasants found it difficult to sell their harvests Peasants struggled to pay their revenue to the government By 1930, the countryside was in turmoil, which contributed to the rise of the Civil Disobedience Movement

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Q15. The movement in cities gradually slowed down during the Non-Cooperation Movement due to the following reasons:

1. Economic Hardship of Khadi: Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth Poor people could not afford to buy khadi They could not boycott mill cloth for too long as it was a basic necessity

2. Lack of Alternative Institutions: The boycott of British institutions posed a problem For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up These alternative institutions were slow to come up Without alternatives, people could not sustain the boycott

3. Return to Normal Life: As alternative institutions were not established quickly enough, students and teachers began trickling back to government schools Lawyers joined back work in government courts People found it difficult to sustain the economic sacrifices required by the movement for a prolonged period

Q16. Participation of Industrial Working Classes: Industrial working classes did not participate in the Civil Disobedience Movement in large numbers, except in the Nagpur region However, some workers did participate selectively, adopting some ideas of the Gandhian programme They participated in the boycott of foreign goods as part of their own movements against low wages and poor working conditions There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dockworkers in 1932 In 1930, thousands of workers in Chotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns Why Participation Was Limited:

As industrialists came closer to the Congress, workers stayed aloof There was a conflict of interest between industrialists and workers The Congress was reluctant to include workers' demands as part of its programme of struggle Congress felt that including workers' demands would alienate industrialists and divide the anti-imperial forces Workers felt that their specific economic grievances were not being addressed by the national movement

Q17. The Problem of Separate Electorates: Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, who organized the dalits into the Depressed Classes Association in 1930, demanded separate electorates for dalits He believed that political empowerment through separate representation would help resolve the social disabilities of the dalit community At the second Round Table Conference, he clashed with Mahatma Gandhi over this issue When the British government conceded Ambedkar's demand for separate electorates, Gandhiji began a fast unto death The Poona Pact (September 1932):

Gandhi believed that separate electorates for dalits would slow down the process of their integration into society Under pressure from Gandhi's fast, Ambedkar ultimately accepted Gandhi's position The result was the Poona Pact of September 1932 It gave the Depressed Classes (later known as the Schedule Castes) reserved seats in provincial and central legislative councils However, they were to be voted in by the general electorate, not through separate electorates This was a compromise between complete separate electorates (Ambedkar's demand) and no special provision (Gandhi's initial position)

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Q18. Nationalism captured people's imagination through various cultural processes:

1. Symbols and Icons: Image of Bharat Mata: The identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay first created this image through his hymn 'Vande Mataram'. Abanindranath Tagore painted Bharat Mata as an ascetic figure. Devotion to this mother figure became evidence of nationalism National Flag: During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag (red, green and yellow) was designed with eight lotuses representing provinces and a crescent moon representing Hindus and Muslims.

By 1921, Gandhi designed the Swaraj flag with a spinning wheel, representing self-help Carrying Flags: Holding flags aloft during marches became a symbol of defiance against British rule

2. Revival of Indian Folklore: Nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and toured villages to gather folk songs and legends They believed these tales gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted by outside forces Preserving folk tradition helped discover national identity and restore pride in the past Rabindranath Tagore collected ballads, nursery rhymes and myths, and led the folk revival movement in Bengal Natesa Sastri published a four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, believing folklore was national literature and 'the most trustworthy manifestation of people's real thoughts'

3. Reinterpretation of History: By the late 19th century, many Indians felt that to instill national pride, Indian history had to be thought about differently Indians began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements in ancient times Nationalist histories highlighted glorious developments in art, architecture, science, mathematics, religion, culture, law, philosophy, crafts and trade They presented Indian history as having a glorious past followed by decline under colonialism These histories urged readers to take pride in India's achievements and struggle against British misrule

4. Popular Prints and Songs: National songs were composed and widely sung during movements 'Vande Mataram' was widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal Popular prints showing nationalist leaders and symbols helped spread nationalist ideas These visual and oral media reached even illiterate people and helped create a sense of collective belonging

5. Fiction and Literature: Novels, poetry and other literary works helped imagine the nation They created stories of heroes, sacrifices and struggles that inspired people Literature helped people see themselves as part of a larger national community Limitations: When the past being glorified was Hindu and images were drawn from Hindu iconography, people of other communities felt left out This created challenges in forging a truly inclusive national identity

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Q19. (i) Which movement is being described? This passage describes the Non-Cooperation Movement that began in January 1921. (ii) Why did Justice Party not boycott elections? The Justice Party, which was the party of non-Brahmans in Madras, did not boycott the council elections because they felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power – something that usually only Brahmans had access to. They saw participation in elections as an opportunity to break Brahman dominance. (iii) What were the economic effects of boycotting foreign goods?

The economic effects of boycotting foreign goods were significant: The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from Rs 102 crore to Rs 57 crore Many merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade As the boycott movement spread and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian textile mills and handlooms went up This helped in the growth of indigenous industries and provided employment to Indian weavers and textile workers The boycott put economic pressure on the British government by affecting their trade revenues

Q20. (i) What was Bhagat Singh's vision of revolution? Bhagat Singh's vision of revolution was not just political freedom but a complete transformation of society. He wanted a revolution that would benefit the labourer and establish social and economic justice, not merely transfer power from British to Indian hands. (ii) How did his approach differ from Gandhi's? Bhagat Singh's approach differed from Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement in fundamental ways: Use of Violence: While Gandhi strictly adhered to non-violence, Bhagat Singh and the HSRA believed in armed resistance. They threw bombs in the Legislative Assembly, attempted to blow up trains carrying British officials, and targeted symbols of British power Revolutionary vs. Reformist: Gandhi sought to reform society gradually through moral persuasion, while Bhagat Singh wanted revolutionary transformation of the social and economic structure Focus on Workers: Bhagat Singh emphasized that "the labourer is the real sustainer of society" and was influenced by socialist ideas, while Gandhi's movement was more broad-based but less focused on class struggle Methods: Gandhi's method was mass satyagraha and civil disobedience, while Bhagat Singh's HSRA used dramatic symbolic actions and armed resistance (iii) Why is Bhagat Singh remembered as a revolutionary hero?

Bhagat Singh is remembered as a revolutionary hero because: He sacrificed his life at the young age of 23 for the cause of India's independence He showed immense courage and conviction in his beliefs about revolution and social transformation His vision went beyond just political independence to include social and economic justice His trial and execution made him a martyr who inspired millions of Indians, especially youth, to join the freedom struggle His statement "no sacrifice is too great for so magnificent a cause" exemplified the spirit of selfless dedication to the nation