Class 10 Social Science Chapter 19 Development (Economics) Practice Paper 1

Class: X Subject: Economics Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 01 - Development Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. Which of the following is considered the most important attribute for comparing countries according to the World Bank?
(a) Literacy rate
(b) Per capita income
(c) Infant mortality rate
(d) Life expectancy

Q2. What does BMI stand for?
(a) Basic Metabolic Index
(b) Body Mass Index
(c) Base Material Income
(d) Biological Measurement Indicator

Q3. Per capita income is calculated as:
(a) Total income ÷ Total area
(b) Total income × Total population
(c) Total income ÷ Total population
(d) Total population ÷ Total income

Q4. According to the Human Development Report 2023-24, which country has the best HDI rank among India's neighbours?
(a) Pakistan
(b) Nepal
(c) Sri Lanka
(d) Bangladesh

Q5. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicates the number of children dying before the age of:
(a) Five years
(b) Two years
(c) One year
(d) Six months

Q6. Which state has the lowest IMR according to the data provided in the chapter?
(a) Bihar
(b) Haryana
(c) Kerala
(d) Madhya Pradesh

Q7. Groundwater is an example of:
(a) Non-renewable resource
(b) Renewable resource
(c) Human-made resource
(d) Exhaustible resource only

Q8. In 2023, India's per capita income was approximately:
(a) US$ 2,400
(b) US$ 6,951
(c) US$ 10,030
(d) US$ 63,400

Q9. The average income is also known as:
(a) National income
(b) Per capita income
(c) Gross income
(d) Total income

Q10. According to World Development Reports 2023, countries with per capita income of US$ 63,400 and above are called:
(a) Developing countries
(b) Low-income countries
(c) High-income or rich countries
(d) Under-developed countries

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. Why do different persons have different developmental goals? Explain with an example.

Q12. What is the importance of the Public Distribution System (PDS) in development? Give two points.

Q13. Distinguish between renewable and non-renewable resources with one example of each.

Q14. Why is per capita income not considered a completely adequate indicator of development?

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Explain the concept of sustainability of development with reference to groundwater.

Q16. Why does Kerala have better human development indicators than Haryana despite having lower per capita income? Explain.

Q17. "Money cannot buy all the goods and services that you need to live well." Justify this statement with three examples.

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. What is Human Development Index (HDI)? Explain the three indicators used by UNDP to measure HDI. How is it different from the World Bank's criterion of development?

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the following case study and answer the questions that follow: "A vessel dumped 500 tonnes of liquid toxic wastes into open-air dumps in a city called Abidjan in Ivory Coast, a country in Africa. The fumes from the highly toxic waste caused nausea, skin rashes, fainting, diarrhoea etc. After a month seven persons were dead, twenty in hospital and twenty six thousand treated for symptoms of poisoning. A multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals had contracted a local company to dispose the toxic waste from its ship."
(a) Who benefited from this action and who suffered? (2 marks)
(b) What should be the developmental goal for such countries to prevent such incidents? (2 marks)

Q20. Study the table given below and answer the questions that follow: Comparison of Haryana, Kerala and Bihar (2017-18 data) State IMR Literacy Rate % Net Attendance Ratio (15-17 years) Haryana 28 82 73 Kerala 6 94 94 Bihar 27 62 69
(a) Which state has the highest literacy rate and lowest IMR? (1 mark)
(b) What does Net Attendance Ratio indicate? (1 mark)
(c) Suggest two measures to improve the situation in Bihar. (2 marks) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 01

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Ans 1.
(b) Per capita income The World Bank uses per capita income as the main criterion for classifying different countries into high-income, middle-income, and low-income categories. Ans 2.
(b) Body Mass Index BMI stands for Body Mass Index. It is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters. Ans 3.
(c) Total income ÷ Total population Per capita income is the average income and is calculated by dividing the total income of the country by its total population. Ans 4.
(c) Sri Lanka Sri Lanka has HDI rank of 78, which is the best among India's neighbours. India's rank is 134, Bangladesh 129, Nepal 146, Myanmar 144, and Pakistan 164.

Ans 5.
(c) One year Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1000 live children born in that particular year. Ans 6.
(c) Kerala Kerala has the lowest IMR of 6 per 1000 live births among the states mentioned, while Haryana has 28 and Bihar has 27. Ans 7.
(b) Renewable resource Groundwater is a renewable resource as it is replenished by nature through rainfall. However, it can be overused if extraction exceeds replenishment.

Ans 8.
(c) US$ 10,030 According to the data, India's per capita income in 2023 was about US$ 10,030 per annum, placing it in the low middle income category. Ans 9.
(b) Per capita income The average income is also called per capita income, which is calculated by dividing total income by total population. Ans 10.
(c) High-income or rich countries According to World Development Reports 2023, countries with per capita income of US$ 63,400 per annum and above are called high-income or rich countries.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 11. Different persons have different developmental goals because: • People have different life situations and their developmental goals depend on their present conditions and aspirations. • For example, a landless rural labourer desires more days of work and better wages, while a prosperous farmer from Punjab wants higher support prices for crops and ability to settle children abroad. • What may be development for one may not be development or may even be destructive for another. Ans 12. Importance of Public Distribution System (PDS):

• PDS ensures availability of food grains and other essential items at subsidized rates to the poor and vulnerable sections of society. • In states where PDS functions well, the health and nutritional status of people is better. For example, in Tamil Nadu, 90% of rural people use ration shops, leading to better nutrition levels. Ans 13. Distinction between renewable and non-renewable resources: Renewable Resources: These resources are replenished by nature and can be used again and again. Example:

Groundwater (replenished by rain). Non-renewable Resources: These resources will get exhausted after years of use as they have a fixed stock on earth. Example: Crude oil. Ans 14. Per capita income is not a completely adequate indicator because: • It does not tell us how income is distributed among people. A country may have high average income but most people could be poor while few are very rich. • Money cannot buy all the goods and services needed for well-being like pollution-free environment, peace, security, and quality education, unless provided collectively by society/government.

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 15. Sustainability of development with reference to groundwater: • Sustainability means that development should meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. • Groundwater is being overused in many parts of India. About 300 districts have reported water level decline of over 4 meters in past 20 years. • If we continue using groundwater at current rates, 60% of the country would be overusing reserves in 25 years. This is unsustainable as future generations will not have adequate water.

• For sustainable development, we should use groundwater at a rate that allows natural replenishment through rainfall, ensuring availability for future. Ans 16. Kerala has better human development indicators than Haryana because: • Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities provided by the government to all its citizens. • Kerala's Infant Mortality Rate is only 6 per 1000, while Haryana's is 28, showing Kerala's better healthcare system. • Kerala has 94% literacy rate and 94% net attendance ratio in secondary schools, compared to Haryana's 82% literacy and 73% attendance.

• This shows that money or per capita income alone cannot ensure development. Collective provision of quality public services like health and education are crucial for human development. Ans 17. Money cannot buy all goods and services needed to live well because: Example 1: Money cannot buy a pollution-free environment unless the entire community takes measures to reduce pollution. Example 2: Money cannot protect you from infectious diseases unless the whole community takes preventive steps through vaccination and sanitation programs.

Example 3: Money cannot buy peace, security, and freedom from discrimination. These depend on social values and collective efforts of society. These important aspects of quality of life are best provided collectively by government and society rather than purchased individually.

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Ans 18. Human Development Index (HDI): Definition: HDI is a composite index that measures the average achievement of a country in three basic dimensions of human development. Three Indicators used by UNDP to measure HDI:

1. Life Expectancy at Birth: It denotes the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. It indicates the health status of people.

2. Education Level: Measured by mean years of schooling for adults aged 25 years and above. It indicates the knowledge and skills of the population.

3. Per Capita Income (GNI): Measured using Gross National Income per capita calculated in dollars using Purchasing Power Parity. It indicates standard of living. Difference from World Bank's criterion: • World Bank uses only per capita income as the main criterion for classifying countries and measuring development. • UNDP's HDI is more comprehensive as it includes health and education indicators along with income. • HDI recognizes that development is not just about economic growth but also about improving people's well- being, health, and education.

• By prefixing 'Human' to Development, UNDP emphasizes that what happens to citizens - their health and well- being - is most important in development.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Ans 19.
(a) Who benefited and who suffered: • The multinational company dealing in petroleum and metals benefited as they disposed of toxic waste cheaply by dumping it in a poor African country. • The local contracting company also benefited financially from the deal. • The people of Abidjan and surrounding areas suffered greatly - seven persons died, twenty were hospitalized, and twenty-six thousand were treated for poisoning. They suffered health problems, loss of life, and environmental degradation.

(b) Developmental goal for such countries: • The developmental goal should include strict environmental protection laws and their implementation to prevent dumping of toxic wastes. • Development should ensure that economic activities do not harm people's health and environment. Environmental sustainability should be a key goal along with economic growth. Ans 20.
(a) Kerala has the highest literacy rate of 94% and the lowest Infant Mortality Rate of 6 per 1000 live births.
(b) Net Attendance Ratio indicates the total number of children of age group 15-17 years attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group. It shows how many teenagers are actually attending secondary school.

(c) Two measures to improve the situation in Bihar: • Government should invest more in education infrastructure - building more schools, training teachers, providing quality education materials, and ensuring all children especially girls attend school regularly. • Improve health facilities by establishing more primary health centers, ensuring availability of doctors and medicines, conducting awareness programs for maternal and child health, and improving sanitation and drinking water facilities.