Class 10 Social Science Chapter 19 Development (Economics) Practice Paper 3

Class: X Subject: Economics Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 01 - Development Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. The idea of development involves thinking about:
(a) Only economic aspects
(b) Questions about our goals and ways to achieve them
(c) Industrialization only
(d) Agricultural growth

Q2. Which among the following best describes HDI?
(a) Human Dignity Index
(b) Human Development Index
(c) Health Development Indicator
(d) High Development Income

Q3. Net Attendance Ratio measures:
(a) Total students in schools
(b) Children aged 15-17 attending secondary school as percentage of total in that age group
(c) Average school attendance
(d) Teachers attending schools

Q4. According to the chapter, in how many years will 60% of India be overusing groundwater if present trends continue?
(a) 10 years
(b) 25 years
(c) 50 years
(d) 100 years

Q5. Which country has the lowest GNI per capita among India's neighbours?
(a) Nepal
(b) Bangladesh
(c) Myanmar
(d) Pakistan

Q6. Haryana's per capita income for 2021-22 was approximately:
(a) Rs 47,498
(b) Rs 2,34,405
(c) Rs 2,64,729
(d) Rs 3,00,000

Q7. The main purpose of calculating BMI is to:
(a) Measure height
(b) Calculate weight
(c) Determine if a person is properly nourished
(d) Find average body size

Q8. Kerala has better HDI than Haryana mainly because of:
(a) Higher per capita income
(b) Better provision of health and education facilities
(c) More industries
(d) Larger population

Q9. In comparing countries, Purchasing Power Parity is used to:
(a) Calculate total population
(b) Ensure every dollar buys same amount in any country
(c) Measure literacy rates
(d) Count number of industries

Q10. Which of the following is true about national development?
(a) Everyone has same notion of development
(b) Different persons have different and sometimes conflicting notions
(c) Only government decides development
(d) Only income matters

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. Explain what is meant by saying "averages hide disparities" with reference to income distribution.

Q12. What role do public facilities play in development? Give two examples.

Q13. Why is environmental sustainability important for development? Explain briefly.

Q14. State any two developmental goals of a landless rural labourer.

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. "Kerala with lower per capita income has better human development ranking than Haryana." Analyze this statement with supporting data.

Q16. Why is India ranked lower in HDI (134) compared to Sri Lanka (78) despite having higher per capita income than Sri Lanka? Explain.

Q17. Explain how groundwater is both renewable and can be overused. What are consequences of overuse?

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. Discuss the concept of sustainability of development. Why do scientists warn that present types and levels of development are not sustainable? Explain with examples of renewable and non-renewable resources.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Study the table showing comparison of Haryana, Kerala and Bihar: State Per Capita Income IMR Literacy % Haryana 2,64,729 28 82 Kerala 2,34,405 6 94 Bihar 47,498 27 62
(a) Which state is most developed based on per capita income alone? (1 mark)
(b) Which state would you consider most developed overall? Justify. (3 marks)

Q20. Read the following and answer: "Countries like India depend on importing oil from abroad because they do not have enough stocks of their own. If prices of oil increase, this becomes a burden for everyone. There are countries like USA which have low reserves and hence want to secure oil through military or economic power."
(a) Why does India import crude oil? (1 mark)
(b) What problems does India face if oil prices increase? (2 marks)
(c) Why is it important to find alternative sources of energy? (1 mark) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 03

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Ans 1.
(b) Questions about our goals and ways to achieve them Development involves thinking about what we would like to do, how we would like to live, and ways to achieve these goals. Ans 2.
(b) Human Development Index HDI stands for Human Development Index, published by UNDP to compare countries based on health, education and income. Ans 3.
(b) Children aged 15-17 attending secondary school as percentage of total in that age group Net Attendance Ratio is the total number of children of age group 15-17 years attending school as percentage of total children in same age group.

Ans 4.
(b) 25 years According to the chapter, in another 25 years, 60% of the country would be overusing groundwater reserves if present usage continues. Ans 5.
(c) Myanmar Myanmar has GNI per capita of $4,038, which is lowest among India's neighbours mentioned (India $6,951, Nepal $4,026 is close but Myanmar is listed as lower developed). Ans 6.
(c) Rs 2,64,729 Haryana's per capita income for 2021-22 was Rs 2,64,729, highest among the three states compared. Ans 7.
(c) Determine if a person is properly nourished BMI (Body Mass Index) is calculated to find out if people are properly nourished - whether underweight, normal or overweight.

Ans 8.
(b) Better provision of health and education facilities Kerala has adequate provision of basic health and educational facilities for all, leading to better IMR, literacy and HDI despite lower income. Ans 9.
(b) Ensure every dollar buys same amount in any country PPP (Purchasing Power Parity) is used so that every dollar would buy the same amount of goods and services in any country for fair comparison. Ans 10.
(b) Different persons have different and sometimes conflicting notions Different persons could have different as well as conflicting notions of a country's development based on their situations and priorities.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 11. Averages hide disparities: • While averages are useful for comparison, they do not show how income is distributed among people. • Example: Two countries may have same average income of Rs 10,000, but in one country all citizens earn similar amounts (Rs 9,500-10,500) while in other most earn Rs 500 and one person earns Rs 48,000. • Average hides the inequality and poverty in second country. It doesn't tell us that most people are poor. Ans 12. Role of public facilities: • Public facilities are essential goods and services that are best provided collectively by government/society as they benefit everyone.

• Example 1: Schools - Government schools provide education to all children, which would be unaffordable if each family had to hire private tutors. • Example 2: Healthcare - Government hospitals provide medical facilities to all at low cost, ensuring health security for everyone. Ans 13. Environmental sustainability is important because: • Development should meet present generation's needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their needs. • If we overuse natural resources or damage environment now (like depleting groundwater or crude oil), future generations will suffer from resource scarcity and degraded environment. Sustainable development ensures resources remain available for future.

Ans 14. Developmental goals of landless rural labourer: • More days of work and better wages to ensure regular income and financial security. • Local school providing quality education for their children so next generation has better opportunities.

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 15. Analysis of Kerala vs Haryana: Supporting Data: • Haryana's per capita income: Rs 2,64,729; Kerala's: Rs 2,34,405 (Haryana higher) • Kerala's IMR: 6; Haryana's: 28 (Kerala much better) • Kerala's literacy: 94%; Haryana's: 82% (Kerala better) • Kerala's Net Attendance Ratio: 94%; Haryana's: 73% (Kerala better) Analysis: This shows that per capita income alone does not determine human development. Kerala has invested in health and education infrastructure, ensuring better facilities for all citizens. Money cannot buy good health and education unless government provides quality public services. Kerala's focus on human welfare rather than just income growth has resulted in better overall development despite lower average income.

Ans 16. India's lower HDI ranking despite higher income: • India's GNI per capita ($6,951) is actually lower than Sri Lanka's ($11,899) based on 2022 data in Table 1.6. • Even where India has similar or higher income than some neighbours, its HDI is lower because: - Life expectancy: India 67.7 years vs Sri Lanka 76.6 years (health indicator) - Mean years of schooling: India 6.5 years vs Sri Lanka 11.2 years (education indicator) • HDI measures overall human development using health, education AND income. India lags significantly in health and education provisions.

• This proves that high income alone doesn't ensure development - quality public services in health and education are crucial. Ans 17. Groundwater - renewable yet can be overused: Renewable nature: Groundwater is renewable because it is replenished by nature through rainfall. Water seeps underground and refills aquifers. How it can be overused: If we extract groundwater faster than it is replenished by rain, we are overusing it. Currently, extraction rate exceeds replenishment rate in many areas.

Consequences of overuse: • About 300 districts have seen water level decline of over 4 meters in 20 years • Nearly one-third of India is overusing reserves • In 25 years, 60% of country will be overusing if trends continue • Future generations will face severe water scarcity, making development unsustainable

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Ans 18. Sustainability of Development: Concept: Sustainability means that development should meet the needs of present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. As the saying goes, "We have not inherited the world from our forefathers - we have borrowed it from our children." Why present development is unsustainable: Since second half of 20th century, scientists warn that present type and levels of development are not sustainable because: • We are overusing both renewable and non-renewable resources • Environmental degradation is affecting future habitability • Resource depletion threatens future generations' needs Example 1 - Renewable Resource (Groundwater):

• Groundwater is renewable as rain replenishes it • However, 300 districts in India show 4-meter decline in 20 years • One-third of country overusing reserves • If continues, 60% will overuse in 25 years • This is unsustainable - future generations won't have adequate water • Solution: Use at rate that allows natural replenishment Example 2 - Non-Renewable Resource (Crude Oil): • Crude oil is non-renewable with fixed stock that cannot be replenished • World reserves will last only 47 years at current extraction rates • USA reserves only 10.5 years • Once exhausted, no more oil available • This is unsustainable - must find alternative energy sources like solar, wind Conclusion: For sustainable development, we must use resources judiciously, prevent environmental degradation, and ensure resources availability for future. Consequences of degradation don't respect boundaries - our future is linked together globally.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Ans 19.
(a) Based on per capita income alone, Haryana is most developed with Rs 2,64,729, followed by Kerala (Rs 2,34,405) and Bihar (Rs 47,498).
(b) Overall, Kerala would be considered most developed because: • Health: Kerala's IMR is only 6 compared to Haryana's 28 and Bihar's 27. This means Kerala saves many more infant lives, showing excellent healthcare. • Education: Kerala has 94% literacy and 94% school attendance ratio, highest among three. This shows quality education for all. • Justification: While Haryana has highest income, development is not just about money. Kerala has ensured better quality of life through health and education facilities. A child born in Kerala has much higher chance of surviving first year and getting quality education.

• Money cannot buy these services unless government provides them collectively. Kerala's investment in public facilities has resulted in better overall human development. • This proves that equitable distribution of resources and quality public services matter more than just average income for true development. Ans 20.
(a) India imports crude oil because it does not have enough oil reserves of its own to meet its domestic demand for industries, transportation and other needs.
(b) Problems when oil prices increase:

• Economic burden: India has to spend more foreign exchange to import oil, affecting trade balance and economy • Inflation: Higher oil prices increase transportation and production costs, leading to price rise of all goods, burdening common people • Development impact: More money spent on oil means less resources available for development programs in health, education and infrastructure
(c) Finding alternative energy sources is important because crude oil is non-renewable and will exhaust in about 47 years globally. To ensure sustainable development and energy security for future generations, we must develop renewable alternatives like solar, wind, hydro power which won't run out.