Class 10 Social Science Chapter 19 Development (Economics) Practice Paper 4

Class: X Subject: Economics Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 01 - Development Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. According to World Bank classification for 2023, India is categorized as:
(a) High-income country
(b) Low middle income country
(c) Low-income country
(d) Developed country

Q2. Bangladesh has better life expectancy than India, which is:
(a) 67.7 years for Bangladesh, 73.7 years for India
(b) 73.7 years for Bangladesh, 67.7 years for India
(c) 76.6 years for Bangladesh, 67.7 years for India
(d) 70.5 years for Bangladesh, 67.7 years for India

Q3. Which of these is NOT one of the three indicators used in HDI?
(a) Life Expectancy at birth
(b) Mean Years of Schooling
(c) Per capita income (GNI)
(d) Population size

Q4. In rural Uttar Pradesh, what percentage of rural boys aged 10-14 are NOT attending school?
(a) 10%
(b) 15%
(c) 18%
(d) 85%

Q5. Pakistan's HDI rank in 2021-22 is:
(a) 129
(b) 134
(c) 146
(d) 164

Q6. What is the constitutional goal regarding education mentioned in the chapter?
(a) Free education for all till class 12
(b) Free and compulsory education for children up to age 14
(c) Universal literacy by 2000
(d) Computer education for all

Q7. Prosperous farmers from Punjab seek all of the following EXCEPT:
(a) Higher support prices for crops
(b) Cheap labour
(c) Ability to settle children abroad
(d) Equal distribution of land

Q8. Material goods are:
(a) All that we need to live well
(b) Not all that we need to live well
(c) Not important for development
(d) The only measure of development

Q9. Environmental degradation consequences:
(a) Respect national boundaries
(b) Respect state boundaries
(c) Do not respect national or state boundaries
(d) Only affect developed countries

Q10. The quote "We have not inherited the world from our forefathers - we have borrowed it from our children" emphasizes:
(a) Historical development
(b) Sustainability of development
(c) Economic growth only
(d) Population control

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. Why did tribals resent the Sardar Sarovar Dam project? What was their alternative preference?

Q12. How does BMI help in determining nutritional status? Explain with its formula.

Q13. Why is it said that development involves thinking about democratic political processes?

Q14. State two factors other than income that contribute to quality of life.

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. A girl from a rich urban family wants equal freedom as her brother and sharing of household work. Explain how their developmental goals might conflict. What would be fair development in this case?

Q16. Explain why collective provision of goods and services is often better than individual provision. Support with three examples.

Q17. Why is the issue of sustainability comparatively a new area of knowledge? Who are working together on it and why?

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. "For comparing countries, their income is considered to be one of the most important attributes." Do you agree with this statement? Discuss the importance of income as a development criterion. Also explain why income alone is not sufficient and what other criteria should be considered. Support your answer with examples from the chapter.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the following case and answer: "A study found that in Tamil Nadu, 90% of people living in rural areas used a ration shop, whereas in West Bengal only 35% of rural people did so. The Public Distribution System (PDS) provides food grains and essential items at subsidized rates. In states where PDS functions well, the health and nutritional status of people is better."
(a) Why would people in Tamil Nadu be better off than West Bengal based on this data? (2 marks)
(b) How does a well-functioning PDS contribute to development? (2 marks)

Q20. Study the data and answer: Proportion of undernourished adults (BMI < 18.5) in India 2019-21 State Male % Female % Kerala 8.5 10 Madhya Pradesh 28 28 All States 20 23
(a) Compare nutritional levels of Kerala and Madhya Pradesh. (2 marks)
(b) Even though there is enough food in the country, why are one-fifth people undernourished? Give reasons. (2 marks) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 04

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Ans 1.
(b) Low middle income country India comes in the category of low middle income countries because its per capita income in 2023 was about US$ 10,030 per annum. Ans 2.
(b) 73.7 years for Bangladesh, 67.7 years for India According to Table 1.6, Bangladesh has life expectancy of 73.7 years which is better than India's 67.7 years despite lower per capita income. Ans 3.
(d) Population size The three indicators used in HDI are: Life Expectancy at birth, Mean Years of Schooling, and GNI per capita.

Population size is not included. Ans 4.
(b) 15% In rural Uttar Pradesh, 85% of rural boys aged 10-14 are attending school, meaning 15% are not attending (100% - 85% = 15%). Ans 5.
(d) 164 Pakistan's HDI rank in 2021-22 is 164 out of 193 countries, which is lowest among India's neighbours mentioned. Ans 6.
(b) Free and compulsory education for children up to age 14 The constitutional goal mentioned is free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14, which was expected to be achieved by 1960.

Ans 7.
(d) Equal distribution of land Prosperous farmers want higher support prices, cheap labour, and ability to settle children abroad. They would not seek equal land distribution as they already own substantial land. Ans 8.
(b) Not all that we need to live well The chapter clearly states that material goods are not all that we need to live. Quality of life also depends on non- material things like freedom, security, respect, and relationships. Ans 9.
(c) Do not respect national or state boundaries Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries - the issue is no longer region or nation specific.

Ans 10.
(b) Sustainability of development This quote emphasizes sustainability - we must preserve earth and its resources for future generations, not just use them for our present needs.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 11. Tribals' resentment of Sardar Sarovar Dam: • Tribals resented the dam because it would submerge their land and disrupt their lives through displacement. • Their alternative preference: They preferred small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land, which would not cause displacement and environmental damage. Ans 12. BMI and nutritional status: • Formula: BMI = Weight (in kg) ÷ [Height (in meters)]² • BMI helps determine if a person is properly nourished by comparing their weight relative to height.

• Results are compared with BMI-for-Age tables to determine if person is underweight, normal, or overweight/obese. Ans 13. Development and democratic processes: • Different people have different and often conflicting developmental goals. • It is only through democratic political processes that these different hopes and possibilities can be achieved in real life, allowing fair representation and resolution of conflicts. Ans 14. Two factors other than income that contribute to quality of life: • Equal treatment, freedom, and respect from others in society • Pollution-free environment and quality public facilities like schools and hospitals

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 15. Conflicting goals in gender equality: Girl's developmental goals: • Wants same freedom as her brother to make life decisions • Wants brother to share household work equally • Wants to pursue studies and career without restrictions Possible conflict: Her brother may not like sharing household work as traditionally it's considered women's responsibility. He may resist giving up privileges that come from patriarchal system. Fair development: • True development would ensure equal opportunities and freedom for both genders • Household work should be shared based on fairness, not gender • If there is respect for women in society, there would be more acceptance of women working outside and sharing of housework • A safe and secure environment allows women to take up variety of jobs • This requires both social change and individual attitude change for genuine development Ans 16. Collective provision better than individual:

Why collective provision is better: For many important things in life, collective provision is the best and cheapest way. Example 1 - Security: It is much cheaper to have collective security for whole locality (community policing, security guards) than each house having its own security staff. Example 2 - Education: If no one else in village wanted to study, a child couldn't study unless parents could afford expensive private school elsewhere. Government schools allow all children to study together affordably.

Example 3 - Healthcare: Money cannot protect you from infectious diseases unless whole community takes preventive steps like vaccination, sanitation. Collective provision through government hospitals ensures health security for all at low cost. Individual provision would be too expensive and ineffective for these essential services. Ans 17. Sustainability as new area of knowledge: Why comparatively new: • Issue became prominent only from second half of 20th century when scientists warned that present type and levels of development are not sustainable • Earlier, people thought resources were unlimited and environment could absorb all impact Who is working together: Scientists, economists, philosophers and other social scientists are working together on sustainability Why working together:

• Environmental degradation doesn't respect national or state boundaries - it's a global issue • Requires interdisciplinary approach - scientific understanding + economic analysis + social policy + ethical considerations • Our future is linked together - no single discipline or nation can solve it alone • Need combined expertise to find sustainable development paths

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Ans 18. Income as development criterion: Importance of income: I partially agree that income is one of the most important attributes for comparing countries because: • More income means more of all things that human beings need • Whatever people like and should have, they will be able to get with greater income • Greater income itself is considered an important goal • It is the most common method used by World Bank to classify countries • Allows quantitative comparison between nations Why income alone is insufficient:

However, income alone has several weaknesses as highlighted by examples in chapter: Example 1 - Kerala vs Haryana: • Haryana has higher per capita income (Rs 2,64,729) than Kerala (Rs 2,34,405) • But Kerala has much better IMR (6 vs 28), literacy rate (94% vs 82%), and school attendance (94% vs 73%) • Shows money alone doesn't ensure development - public services matter Example 2 - India vs neighbors: • India has higher per capita income than Nepal and Bangladesh • But Bangladesh has better life expectancy (73.7 vs 67.7 years) • Nepal also has better life expectancy (70.5 vs 67.7 years) • India ranks 134 in HDI while Bangladesh ranks 129 (better) Why income is inadequate:

1. Distribution problem: Average hides disparities. Two countries with same average income can have completely different distribution - one equal, other with few rich and many poor

2. Cannot buy everything: Money cannot buy: - Pollution-free environment (needs collective action) - Protection from infectious diseases (needs community health measures) - Peace, security, and freedom from discrimination - Quality education and healthcare (needs government provision)

3. Non-material aspects ignored: Quality of life depends on factors like: - Equal treatment and freedom - Respect and dignity - Security and peace - Access to public facilities Other criteria that should be considered:

1. Health indicators: Life expectancy, Infant Mortality Rate, access to healthcare

2. Education indicators: Literacy rate, mean years of schooling, school attendance

3. Quality of life indicators: Environmental sustainability, public facilities, freedom and security

4. Distribution indicators: Income inequality, poverty levels Conclusion: UNDP's HDI is better than World Bank's criterion as it includes health, education along with income. By prefixing "Human" to Development, it emphasizes what matters most - people's health, education and well- being, not just economic numbers.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Ans 19.
(a) Why Tamil Nadu people better off: • In Tamil Nadu, 90% of rural people use ration shops through PDS, ensuring they get food grains and essential items at subsidized rates • In West Bengal, only 35% use ration shops, meaning 65% don't access these benefits • Therefore, more people in Tamil Nadu have access to affordable food, leading to better nutrition and food security • This contributes to better health and nutritional status in Tamil Nadu compared to West Bengal
(b) How PDS contributes to development:

• PDS ensures food security for poor and vulnerable sections by providing essential items at subsidized rates they can afford • It reduces malnutrition and hunger, leading to better health status of population • Better nutrition means better physical and mental development, especially for children • When PDS functions well, people have more money left for education and healthcare after buying food • Contributes to overall human development by ensuring no one goes hungry despite low income Ans 20.

(a) Comparison of Kerala and Madhya Pradesh: • Kerala has much better nutritional levels with only 8.5% males and 10% females undernourished • Madhya Pradesh has poor nutritional status with 28% of both males and females undernourished • Madhya Pradesh's undernourishment rate is more than three times that of Kerala • Kerala's rate is even better than national average (20% males, 23% females), while Madhya Pradesh is worse than national average
(b) Why people undernourished despite enough food: • Income inequality: Though total food production may be adequate, poor people cannot afford nutritious food due to low income or unemployment • Unequal distribution: Food may not reach all areas or all sections of society due to inefficient distribution systems • Poor PDS functioning: In some states/areas, Public Distribution System doesn't work well, so subsidized food doesn't reach needy people • Lack of awareness: People may not know about balanced nutrition or how to use PDS facilities • Shows that just producing enough food is not sufficient - we need proper distribution, income for all to buy food, and well-functioning public systems to ensure everyone is nourished