Class 10 Social Science Chapter 19 Development (Economics) Practice Paper 2

Class: X Subject: Economics Session: 2025-26 Chapter: 01 - Development Time: 1½ Hours Max. Marks: 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. This question paper contains 20 questions divided into five sections A, B, C, D and E.

3. Section A contains 10 MCQs of 1 mark each.

4. Section B contains 4 questions of 2 marks each.

5. Section C contains 3 questions of 3 marks each.

6. Section D contains 1 question of 5 marks.

7. Section E contains 2 Case Study Based questions of 4 marks each.

SECTION A - Multiple Choice Questions (1 mark each)

Q1. According to the chapter, what may be development for one person may be:
(a) Development for everyone
(b) Destructive for another
(c) Beneficial for all
(d) Neutral for others

Q2. Life Expectancy at birth denotes:
(a) Average age of population
(b) Maximum age people can live
(c) Average expected length of life at time of birth
(d) Retirement age

Q3. Which of the following is a non-renewable resource?
(a) Groundwater
(b) Forests
(c) Crude oil
(d) Solar energy

Q4. According to HDI ranking 2021-22, India's rank in the world is:
(a) 78
(b) 129
(c) 134
(d) 164

Q5. Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in which age group?
(a) 5 years and above
(b) 7 years and above
(c) 10 years and above
(d) 15 years and above

Q6. According to the data, which country among India's neighbours has the highest life expectancy?
(a) Pakistan
(b) Sri Lanka
(c) Nepal
(d) Myanmar

Q7. For how many years will crude oil reserves last for the world as per the data given?
(a) 25 years
(b) 35 years
(c) 47 years
(d) 70 years

Q8. Which organization publishes the Human Development Report?
(a) World Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
(d) World Health Organization

Q9. Countries with per capita income of US$ 2400 or less are called:
(a) High-income countries
(b) Low-income countries
(c) Middle-income countries
(d) Developing countries

Q10. About how many districts in India have reported groundwater level decline of over 4 meters in past 20 years?
(a) 100 districts
(b) 200 districts
(c) 300 districts
(d) 400 districts

SECTION B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks each)

Q11. "People have conflicting developmental goals." Explain this statement with an example from the Narmada Dam project.

Q12. Why is total income not considered useful for comparison between countries?

Q13. What is meant by sustainability of development? Why is it important?

Q14. Mention any two limitations of using averages for comparison.

SECTION C - Short Answer Questions (3 marks each)

Q15. Compare the developmental achievements of India with Bangladesh and Nepal on the basis of data given in Table 1.6.

Q16. "For many important things in life, collective provision is the best and cheapest way." Justify this statement with three examples.

Q17. Explain any three factors other than income that are important aspects of our lives.

SECTION D - Long Answer Question (5 marks)

Q18. What is national development? Explain why different people may have different as well as conflicting notions of a country's development. How can we decide which ideas should be considered? Support your answer with examples.

SECTION E - Case Study Based Questions (4 marks each)

Q19. Read the following data about crude oil and answer the questions: Region/Country Reserves (Thousand Million Barrels) Years Reserves will last Middle East 836 70 USA 69 10.5 World 1732 47
(a) Why is crude oil considered a non-renewable resource? (1 mark)
(b) What does the table tell us about sustainability of development? (2 marks)
(c) Why does USA want to secure oil through military or economic power despite being a developed country? (1 mark)

Q20. Study the data given below and answer the questions: Monthly incomes of citizens in two countries (in Rupees) Country Citizen I Citizen II Citizen III Citizen IV Citizen V Country A 9500 10500 9800 10000 10200 Country B 500 500 500 500 48000
(a) Calculate the average income for both countries. (1 mark)
(b) Which country would you prefer to live in if you had to choose randomly? Give reason. (2 marks)
(c) What does this example tell us about using averages? (1 mark) DETAILED ANSWER KEY - PAPER 02

SECTION A - Answers to MCQs

Ans 1.
(b) Destructive for another What may be development for one may not be development for the other, and it may even be destructive for another. For example, industrialists wanting dams may displace tribals. Ans 2.
(c) Average expected length of life at time of birth Life Expectancy at birth denotes the average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth. It is one of the indicators used in calculating HDI. Ans 3.
(c) Crude oil Crude oil is a non-renewable resource which will get exhausted after years of use. We have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be replenished.

Ans 4.
(c) 134 According to Human Development Report 2023-24, India's HDI rank in the world is 134 out of 193 countries. Ans 5.
(b) 7 years and above Literacy Rate measures the proportion of literate population in the 7-and-above age group. Ans 6.
(b) Sri Lanka Sri Lanka has the highest life expectancy of 76.6 years among India's neighbours, followed by Bangladesh (73.7 years). Ans 7.
(c) 47 years According to the data, crude oil reserves would last only 47 years for the world as a whole if extraction continues at the present rate.

Ans 8.
(c) United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) The Human Development Report is published by UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) and it compares countries based on health, education and per capita income. Ans 9.
(b) Low-income countries According to World Development Reports, countries with per capita income of about US$ 2400 or less are called low-income countries. Ans 10.
(c) 300 districts Recent evidence suggests that about 300 districts in India have reported a groundwater level decline of over 4 meters during the past 20 years.

SECTION B - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 11. Conflicting developmental goals: • People may have conflicting goals because what is development for one may be destructive for another. • Example from Narmada Dam: Industrialists want more dams to get more electricity for their industries. However, building dams will submerge land and disrupt the lives of tribals who are displaced. • Tribals resent this displacement and may prefer small check dams or tanks to irrigate their land. Thus, their developmental goals are in conflict. Ans 12. Total income not useful for comparison:

• Since different countries have different populations, comparing only total income will not tell us what an average person is likely to earn. • It will not help us understand whether people in one country are better off than others in a different country. Hence, we need to compare per capita income (average income) rather than total income. Ans 13. Sustainability of development: • Sustainability means that development should meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

• It is important because if we overuse natural resources now, future generations will not have adequate resources to meet their needs. We should use resources judiciously to ensure their availability for future. Ans 14. Two limitations of using averages: • Averages hide disparities - they do not tell us how income or resources are distributed among people. A high average may hide the fact that most people are poor. • Averages may not represent the reality for most people. For example, if one person is extremely rich and four are poor, the average will be misleading.

SECTION C - Answers to Short Answer Questions

Ans 15. Comparison of India with Bangladesh and Nepal: Based on Table 1.6 data: • Per Capita Income: India has GNI of $6,951, which is higher than both Bangladesh ($6,511) and Nepal ($4,026). • Life Expectancy: India's life expectancy is 67.7 years, which is lower than both Bangladesh (73.7 years) and Nepal (70.5 years). This shows India lags behind in health indicators. • Education: India's mean years of schooling is 6.5 years, same as Myanmar. Bangladesh has 7.4 years and Nepal has 4.5 years. So India is ahead of Nepal but behind Bangladesh in education.

• HDI Rank: India ranks 134, Bangladesh ranks 129 (better than India), and Nepal ranks 146 (worse than India). This shows that despite having higher per capita income, India lags behind Bangladesh in overall human development due to poor health and education indicators. Ans 16. Collective provision is best and cheapest: Example 1: Security - It is cheaper to have collective security for the whole locality rather than each house having its own security staff. Community policing is more effective. Example 2: Education - If government provides schools, all children can study together. If parents had to hire individual tutors, it would be very expensive and not everyone could afford quality education.

Example 3: Healthcare - Establishing government hospitals and health centers benefits everyone at low cost. Individual healthcare for serious diseases would be unaffordable for most people. Collective provision ensures these essential services reach everyone at affordable costs, which individual provision cannot achieve. Ans 17. Three factors other than income important in our lives:

1. Equal treatment and freedom from discrimination: People want to be treated equally irrespective of their caste, religion, or gender. They want freedom to make their own choices.

2. Security and peace: People need a safe environment free from violence and crime. Security cannot always be bought with money alone.

3. Clean environment and public facilities: People need pollution-free air and water, good schools and hospitals. These are often best provided collectively rather than purchased individually.

SECTION D - Answer to Long Answer Question

Ans 18. National Development: Meaning: National development refers to the overall progress of a nation in terms of economic growth, social welfare, environmental sustainability, and improvement in quality of life of citizens. Why people have different and conflicting notions: • Different people have different life situations, priorities and aspirations. What may benefit one group may harm another. • Example 1: A girl from a rich urban family wants freedom and equal opportunities like her brother. But her brother may not like sharing household work and may want traditional gender roles to continue.

• Example 2: Prosperous farmers from Punjab want high support prices for crops and cheap labor. But laborers want better wages and more days of work. Their goals are conflicting. • Example 3: Industrialists want more dams for electricity. Tribals want protection of their land and prefer small check dams. These goals conflict. How to decide which ideas to consider: • We need to think which idea would benefit a large number of people or only a small group. • We should consider whether the development path is fair and just for all sections of society.

• We must think if there is a better way of doing things that causes less harm to any group. • Development should be sustainable and not harm future generations. • Democratic processes should be followed where different groups can voice their concerns and solutions can be found through discussion and debate. • The goal should be to maximize overall welfare while ensuring no group is severely harmed.

SECTION E - Answers to Case Study Based Questions

Ans 19.
(a) Why crude oil is non-renewable: Crude oil is considered a non-renewable resource because we have a fixed stock on earth which cannot be replenished. Once exhausted after years of use, it cannot be produced again by natural processes in human timeframe.
(b) What table tells about sustainability: • The table shows that crude oil reserves will last only 47 years for the world if current extraction rates continue. This is clearly unsustainable. • USA has even lower reserves lasting only 10.5 years, showing severe unsustainability.

• If we continue current development patterns dependent on oil, future generations will not have this resource. We need to find alternative sustainable energy sources like solar, wind etc. • The data warns us that present development model based on non-renewable resources is not sustainable.
(c) Why USA wants to secure oil: USA wants to secure oil through military or economic power because it has very low reserves (lasting only 10.5 years) and is heavily dependent on oil for its industries, transportation and economy. As a developed country, it cannot afford disruption in oil supply.

Ans 20.
(a) Average income calculation: Country A: (9500 + 10500 + 9800 + 10000 + 10200) ÷ 5 = 50000 ÷ 5 = Rs 10,000 Country B: (500 + 500 + 500 + 500 + 48000) ÷ 5 = 50000 ÷ 5 = Rs 10,000 Both countries have the same average income of Rs 10,000.
(b) Preferred country with reason: Most people would prefer to live in Country A because: • In Country A, all citizens have similar income levels (between Rs 9,500 to Rs 10,500), meaning more equitable distribution. • In Country B, four citizens are very poor (Rs 500 each) while one is extremely rich (Rs 48,000), showing high inequality.

• If citizenship were random, there is 80% chance of being very poor in Country B, but guaranteed decent income in Country A. • Country A has no very rich or very poor people, indicating better development for all.
(c) What this tells about averages: This example shows that averages hide disparities. Even though both countries have identical average income, the distribution is completely different. Average alone does not tell us about inequality or how income is actually distributed among people.